Abstract: The present disclosure provides a ladybug attractant, the ladybug being a natural enemy of an aphid, the ladybug attractant including a ladybug sex pheromone, a synomone and a kairomone; wherein the synomone is an aphid-induced plant volatile; the kairomone is composed of an aphid alarm pheromone, an aphid body surface extract and an aphid honeydew volatile. The ladybug attractant shows good attracting effect, good repeatability, high stability, and a broad spectrum of beneficial ladybugs such as Coccinella septempunctata, Harmonia axyridis, and Propylaea japonica in laboratory and field experiments.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a ladybug attractant, the ladybug being a natural enemy of an aphid, the ladybug attractant including a ladybug sex pheromone, a synomone and a kairomone; wherein the synomone is an aphid-induced plant volatile; the kairomone is composed of an aphid alarm pheromone, an aphid body surface extract and an aphid honeydew volatile. The ladybug attractant shows good attracting effect, good repeatability, high stability, and a broad spectrum of beneficial ladybugs such as Coccinella septempunctata, Harmonia axyridis, and Propylaea japonica in laboratory and field experiments.

Abstract: Copper alloys, methods for producing copper alloys, and copper tubes are provided. The copper alloys include an alpha solid solution formed from phosphorous deoxidized copper and at least one trace element comprising tin. The content of tin ranges from about 0.1% to about 2.0% by weight of the copper alloy. The trace element can further include zinc in an amount from about 0.05% to about 1.0% by weight of the copper alloy. The copper alloys have an increased tensile strength due to the strengthening effect by the alpha solid solution formed by phosphorous deoxidized copper and tin as the trace element, and accordingly a copper tube made from the copper alloy has a significantly improved pressure resistance.