Abstract: A computer-implemented method includes: obtaining first environmental factor data of a first time period and first historical payment data of a target Internet of Things (IoT) device in the first time period, in which the first time period is before a first time point; obtaining second environmental factor data of a second time period that is after the first time point; and obtaining a prediction, using a neural network model, operating on at least one computing device, of an estimated statistical distribution of one or more users who execute transactions using the target IoT device in the second time period, in which the first environmental factor data, the first historical payment data, and the second environment factor data are inputs to the neural network model.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method includes: obtaining first environmental factor data of a first time period and first historical payment data of a target Internet of Things (IoT) device in the first time period, in which the first time period is before a first time point; obtaining second environmental factor data of a second time period that is after the first time point; and obtaining a prediction, using a neural network model, operating on at least one computing device, of an estimated statistical distribution of one or more users who execute transactions using the target IoT device in the second time period, in which the first environmental factor data, the first historical payment data, and the second environment factor data are inputs to the neural network model.