Abstract: A fuel cell includes: 1) an anode; 2) a cathode; and 3) an ion conducting membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the anode includes a tungsten oxide-containing layer.

Abstract: A system energy efficiency controller connected (105) to at least one of an energy generation device (101), an energy storage device (102), an energy utilization device (103) and an energy regeneration device (104) is disclosed for enabling energy utilization. Said system energy efficiency controller (105) cooperatively controls the input and output of a ubiquitous energy flow of at least one of the energy generation device (101), the energy storage device (102), the energy utilization device (103) and the energy regeneration device (104). Said ubiquitous energy flow includes at least one of an energy flow, a material flow, and an information flow. Also disclosed are an energy efficiency gain device, an energy efficiency matching station and a smart energy service system, which are connected with the controller (105). The present invention optimizes the entire process of energy utilization using the system energy efficiency controller (105), thus improving the system energy efficiency.

Abstract: A coal processing method includes adding coal powder, water and catalyst into a series of tandem reactors and processing therein, wherein the coal powder, water and catalyst are added into the first reactor of the series of tandem reactors; and the temperature and pressure of the series reactors is alternatively arranged in sub-critical state and supercritical state of water from the first reactor, the total product from the previous reactor is used as the feed of the next reactor without any further separation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gasifier comprising a syngas generation section, a coal methanation section and a syngas methanation section in the order from bottom to top. The invention also relates to a process for preparing methane by catalytically gasifying coal using such a gasifier. Optionally, the gasifier is additionally provided with a coal pyrolysis section above the syngas methanation section.

Abstract: A system energy efficiency controller connected (105) to at least one of an energy generation device (101), an energy storage device (102), an energy utilization device (103) and an energy regeneration device (104) is disclosed for enabling energy utilization. Said system energy efficiency controller (105) cooperatively controls the input and output of a ubiquitous energy flow of at least one of the energy generation device (101), the energy storage device (102), the energy utilization device (103) and the energy regeneration device (104). Said ubiquitous energy flow includes at least one of an energy flow, a material flow, and an information flow. Also disclosed are an energy efficiency gain device, an energy efficiency matching station and a smart energy service system, which are connected with the controller (105). The present invention optimizes the entire process of energy utilization using the system energy efficiency controller (105), thus improving the system energy efficiency.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gasifier comprising a syngas generation section, a coal methanation section and a syngas methanation section in the order from bottom to top. The invention also relates to a process for preparing methane by catalytically gasifying coal using such a gasifier. Optionally, the gasifier is additionally provided with a coal pyrolysis section above the syngas methanation section.

Abstract: A coal processing method includes adding coal powder, water and catalyst into a series of tandem reactors and processing therein, wherein the coal powder, water and catalyst are added into the first reactor of the series of tandem reactors; and the temperature and pressure of the series reactors is alternatively arranged in sub-critical state and supercritical state of water from the first reactor, the total product from the previous reactor is used as the feed of the next reactor without any further separation.