Abstract: A structure can comprise one or multi-element compound (MEC) nanoparticles. Each MEC nanoparticle can have a plurality of sites comprising one or more elements. Each site can form a compound bond with at least one other site of the MEC nanoparticle. One or more of the compound bonds can comprise a covalent bond, an ionic bond, or a metallic bond. Each MEC nanoparticle can be formed of at least three different elements. For example, one or more MEC nanoparticles can be a multi-element oxide nanoparticle, a multi-element carbide nanoparticle, a multi-element intermetallic nanoparticle, or any other type of compound nanoparticle.

Abstract: The present application discloses methods, and systems for laser-scribing a solar panel and the solar panels. The method for laser-scribing the solar panel may comprise: capturing consecutively images of parts of a first line on the solar panel, the first line having a pre-designed shape; acquiring location information of each of the captured images of the first line; and laser-scribing parts of a second line on the solar panel consecutively, according to the acquired location information of the first line, so that the scribed second line has the pre-designed shape of the first line and maintains a fixed distance from the first line.