Abstract: Examples of the present disclosure provide packet forwarding methods, a network device and a storage medium. In the examples of the present disclosure, the automation of deploying SRv6 in a layer three network is achieved by automatically allocating different locators to the gateway device and different APs connected to the gateway device, so as to fully utilize the advantages brought by SRv6 in the layer three network. Further, in this example, an SRv6 tunnel is deployed between the gateway device and the AP based on locators allocated to the gateway device and the AP, and the packet is transmitted between the gateway device and the AP through the SRv6 tunnel, thus achieving the packet forwarding method applied to the layer three network with SRv6 deployed.

Abstract: Disclosed are a routing adjustment method, apparatus, and an electronic device. In an example, if congestion occurs on the first path with the highest forwarding weight, i.e., the optimal forwarding path for data stream, instead of directly abandoning the first path, the forwarding weights of the first path and other non-optimal path(s) (other path(s) with forwarding weight(s) lower than that of the first path) are dynamically adjusted, so that the data stream intended to be forwarded through the first path is forwarded through a combination of the first path and other path(s), thereby improving link bandwidth utilization.

Abstract: The present invention provides a microzyme, a microzyme powder and an application thereof in pasta processing. The microzyme is CDLB-YE05 Monosporozyma servazzii, which is deposited at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences on Jul. 17, 2023 with a deposit number of CGMCC No.27948 and a deposit address of Building 3, Courtyard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing. The microzyme powder is prepared by using the CDLB-YE05 Monosporozyma servazzii provided by the present invention, and the microzyme powder is used for pasta processing so that polysaccharide compounds produced by reproduction and metabolism of the microzyme in a dough are increased, the stickiness of food is increased and the pasta is more tenacious, strong in fragrance and better in taste.

Abstract: The present application provides a method for delivering in-situ flow information telemetry (IFIT) configuration through a border gateway protocol (BGP), an electronic device and a storage medium. In an example of the present disclosure, by extending the BGP UPDATE packet in the BGP, the extended BGP UPDATE packet carries the IFIT parameters and is dynamically delivered to the headend in the SR policy, which realizes that the network device can dynamically deliver the IFIT parameters based on the BGP.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides route notifying methods and electronic devices. In an embodiment, a first ASBR in a first AS carries an NLRI as well as a newly-added BIER Path Attribute in a UPDATE message and notifies them to a second AS. BIER information in the autonomous system is exchanged between the ASs in a cross-AS BIER scenario, and BIER route notifying between the ASs in the cross-AS BIER scenario is realized.

Abstract: Provided are methods and apparatuses for updating a route. In the present disclosure, when an access device receives a first host route and a first sequence number sent by a BGP peer of the access device, regardless of the value of the first sequence number, the first host route is used as a route used by the access device to forward data to a target host, and a recorded first ARP entry corresponding to the target host is deleted, so as to trigger the BGP peer of the access device, for example, a convergence device, to withdraw host routes associated with the first ARP entry based on the existing route withdrawal mechanism.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides route notifying methods and electronic devices. In this embodiment, respective ASBRs connected with a second AS in a first AS notify network reachability information (carrying a BIER Path Attribute, where the BIER Path Attribute at least includes BFR IDs of respective BFRs in the first AS) corresponding to a same BFR group prefix to the second AS; when receiving the network reachability information notified by the ASBR in the first AS, the ASBR in the second AS continues to notify a BIER route of the same BFR group prefix in the first AS in the second AS (carrying the BFR IDs of respective BFRs in the first AS).

Abstract: Provided are methods and apparatuses for updating a route. In the present disclosure, when an access device receives a first host route and a first sequence number sent by a BGP peer of the access device, regardless of the value of the first sequence number, the first host route is used as a route used by the access device to forward data to a target host, and a recorded first ARP entry corresponding to the target host is deleted, so as to trigger the BGP peer of the access device, for example, a convergence device, to withdraw host routes associated with the first ARP entry based on the existing route withdrawal mechanism.

Abstract: A method and device for electing a designated forwarder (DF) are provided. According to the method, NLRI sent by a second (PE) of the PEs is received, and a first election policy set supported by the second PE, and a first priority corresponding to each election policy in the first election policy set is parsed out. A target election policy is determined by using a second election policy set supported by a first PE, a second priority corresponding to each election policy in the second election policy set, the first election policy set supported by the second PE and the first priority corresponding to each election policy in the first election policy set. A DF is elected from the first PE and the second PE by using the target election policy.

Abstract: A server may receive an authentication packet from a Forwarder via a data channel. Where, the server enables a BRAS control plane function and the Forwarder enables a BRAS forwarding plane function. The server authenticates the authentication packet. When the authentication is successful, a session entry for instructing the Forwarder to forward a data packet is created, and the session entry and an identity of the data channel are transmitted to the Forwarder through a protocol connection paired with the data channel.

Abstract: A method and device for electing a designated forwarder (DF) are provided. According to the method, NLRI sent by a second (PE) of the PEs is received, and a first election policy set supported by the second PE, and a first priority corresponding to each election policy in the first election policy set is parsed out. A target election policy is determined by using a second election policy set supported by a first PE, a second priority corresponding to each election policy in the second election policy set, the first election policy set supported by the second PE and the first priority corresponding to each election policy in the first election policy set. A DF is elected from the first PE and the second PE by using the target election policy.

Abstract: A server may receive an authentication packet from a Forwarder via a data channel. Where, the server enables a BRAS control plane function and the Forwarder enables a BRAS forwarding plane function. The server authenticates the authentication packet. When the authentication is successful, a session entry for instructing the Forwarder to forward a data packet is created, and the session entry and an identity of the data channel are transmitted to the Forwarder through a protocol connection paired with the data channel.

Abstract: A Path Computation Element (PCE) in a Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) network receives initial information of all Traffic Engineering (TE) links that is reported by a Label Switching Router (LSR), and stores the initial information into a TE database (TEDB). For the information of each TE link, the PCE determines initial values of pending bandwidth, reserved bandwidth and unreserved bandwidth of each TE-Class in the information of the TE link, and stores the initial values into the TEDB. The PCE receives a Constraint-based Routed Label Switched Path (CRLSP) calculation request from a Path Computation Client (PCC), calculates a Label Switched Path (LSP) according to the information of each TE link stored in the TEDB, and updates pending bandwidth, reserved bandwidth and unreserved bandwidth of TE-Class in the information of TE link corresponding to the LSP, wherein the information of TE link corresponding to the LSP is stored in the TEDB.

Abstract: A Path Computation Element (PCE) in a Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) network receives initial information of all Traffic Engineering (TE) links that is reported by a Label Switching Router (LSR), and stores the initial information into a TE database (TEDB). For the information of each TE link, the PCE determines initial values of pending bandwidth, reserved bandwidth and unreserved bandwidth of each TE-Class in the information of the TE link, and stores the initial values into the TEDB. The PCE receives a Constraint-based Routed Label Switched Path (CRLSP) calculation request from a Path Computation Client (PCC), calculates a Label Switched Path (LSP) according to the information of each TE link stored in the TEDB, and updates pending bandwidth, reserved bandwidth and unreserved bandwidth of TE-Class in the information of TE link corresponding to the LSP, wherein the information of TE link corresponding to the LSP is stored in the TEDB.

Abstract: A method is provided for a first provider edge (PE) device to forward packets in a virtual private local area network service (VPLS) network. The VPLS network includes PE devices that are each connected by one or more attachment circuits (ACs) to one or more customer edge (CE) devices. The first PE device receives a unicast packet on a first AC, which is associated with a first virtual switch instance (VSI) on the first PE device. The first PE device searches, in a media access control (MAC) address table associated with the first VSI, for an entry that matches a MAC destination address carried in the packet. When a matching entry is not found for the MAC destination address, the first PE device only floods the unicast packet to other ACs associated with the first VSI.

Abstract: In an example, multi-protocol label switching traffic engineering (MPLS TE) fast reroute (FRR) is implemented in an MPLS TE network. The MPLS TE network includes a bypass protection (BP)-label switching path (LSP) protecting a working LSP. A node receives a packet from an upstream adjacent node of the node in a working LSP. The packet includes a label which is an incoming label of the working LSP at the node. When detecting a downstream adjacent node of the node in the working LSP is unreachable, the node replaces the label in the packet with an outgoing label of a WP-LSP at the node, and forwards the packet in the WP-LSP which delivers the packet to an ingress node of a BP-LSP. The BP-LSP then delivers the packet to an egress node of the BP-LSP and the packet is forwarded from the BP-SLP to the working LSP.

Abstract: A label switching router (LSR) and a method of switching data traffic to a predefined backup traffic path by the LSR in an MPLS (multi-protocol label switching) network. The LSR, upon detection of failure of a protected path during an LDP session, maintains an LDP session and forwards data traffic via the backup traffic path according to a forwarding table. The forwarding table contains logical output interface information including an outgoing label, a logical output interface, and the next hop of the predefined backup path.

Abstract: According to an example, in a method and apparatus for notifying a LSP, the downstream LSR detecting the link failure on the work LSP sends a SF message on the direction of the work LSP, so that the upstream LSR detecting the link failure on the work LSP receives the SF message and sends the packet via the protection LSP according to the SF message.

Abstract: In an example, multi-protocol label switching traffic engineering (MPLS TE) fast reroute (FRR) is implemented in an MPLS TE network. The MPLS TE network includes a bypass protection (BP)-label switching path (LSP) protecting a working LSP. A node receives a packet from an upstream adjacent node of the node in a working LSP. The packet includes a label which is an incoming label of the working LSP at the node. When detecting a downstream adjacent node of the node in the working LSP is unreachable, the node replaces the label in the packet with an outgoing label of a WP-LSP at the node, and forwards the packet in the WP-LSP which delivers the packet to an ingress node of a BP-LSP. The BP-LSP then delivers the packet to an egress node of the BP-LSP and the packet is forwarded from the BP-SLP to the working LSP.

Abstract: A method is provided for a first provider edge (PE) device to forward packets in a virtual private local area network service (VPLS) network. The VPLS network includes PE devices that are each connected by one or more attachment circuits (ACs) to one or more customer edge (CE) devices. The first PE device receives a unicast packet on a first AC, which is associated with a first virtual switch instance (VSI) on the first PE device. The first PE device searches, in a media access control (MAC) address table associated with the first VSI, for an entry that matches a MAC destination address carried in the packet. When a matching entry is not found for the MAC destination address, the first PE device only floods the unicast packet to other ACs associated with the first VSI.