Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for controlling congestion based on a generation Z (Gen-Z) interface. When a first device receives, from a second device, a second packet that is a response to a first packet transmitted to the second device, and the second packet indicates that a congestion situation occurs, the first device records priority information of a packet in a predetermined field for congestion control among fields according to the Gen-Z interface. Then, the first device transmits a third packet including priority information to the second device.

Abstract: A method for generating and processing extended instructions and an apparatus using the method are provided. The method includes: transmitting, by a first device, a request packet according to an extended instruction that is generated based on a Gen-Z interface standard to a second device; and receiving, by the first device, a response packet including a result of performing the request packet from the second device. The extended instruction is generated based on a vendor-defined instruction set of the Gen-Z interface.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for controlling congestion based on a generation Z (Gen-Z) interface. When a first device receives, from a second device, a second packet that is a response to a first packet transmitted to the second device, and the second packet indicates that a congestion situation occurs, the first device records priority information of a packet in a predetermined field for congestion control among fields according to the Gen-Z interface. Then, the first device transmits a third packet including priority information to the second device.

Abstract: A computing system and operating method thereof may be disclosed. The computing system may include a storage device configured to provide a direct access interface and an indirect access interface, an access interface configurator configured to determine whether to use one of the direct access interface and the indirect access interface according to input/output characteristics of an application program, and a processor configured to access the storage device according to the determined access interface.

Abstract: Provided are a C-shaped composite fiber, a C-shaped hollow fiber using the same, a fabric including the C-shaped composite fiber and/or the C-shaped hollow fiber, and a manufacturing method of the C-shaped composite fiber, the C-shaped hollow fiber, and/or the fabric, and more particularly, to a C-shaped composite fiber which has excellent strength and elongation together with improved hollowness, so that there is little deformation of the composite fiber and/or the hollow fiber in the manufacturing process thereof, quality degradation of the hollow fiber is minimized in the elution process thereof, a weight reduction process in a fabric state is not required when manufacturing the fabric, and the manufactured fabric has excellent warmth and lightness, a C-shaped hollow fiber using the same, a fabric including the C-shaped composite fiber and/or the C-shaped hollow fiber, and a manufacturing method of the C-shaped composite fiber, the C-shaped hollow fiber, and/or the fabric.

Abstract: A method for generating and processing extended instructions and an apparatus using the method are provided. The method includes: transmitting, by a first device, a request packet according to an extended instruction that is generated based on a Gen-Z interface standard to a second device; and receiving, by the first device, a response packet including a result of performing the request packet from the second device. The extended instruction is generated based on a vendor-defined instruction set of the Gen-Z interface.

Abstract: Provided herein is a server virtualization method of a multi-node system, the server virtualization method comprising setting one of a plurality of computing nodes as a hypervisor master and at least one of remaining computing nodes as at least one hypervisor slave, allocating a virtual resource corresponding to each of the at least one hypervisor slave in the hypervisor master, and instructing, when a workload is input, a hypervisor slave determined based on a use state of the virtual resource corresponding to the each of the at least one hypervisor slave to process the workload.

Abstract: Provided are a C-shaped composite fiber, a C-shaped hollow fiber using the same, a fabric including the C-shaped composite fiber and/or the C-shaped hollow fiber, and a manufacturing method of the C-shaped composite fiber, the C-shaped hollow fiber, and/or the fabric, and more particularly, to a C-shaped composite fiber which has excellent strength and elongation together with improved hollowness, so that there is little deformation of the composite fiber and/or the hollow fiber in the manufacturing process thereof, quality degradation of the hollow fiber is minimized in the elution process thereof, a weight reduction process in a fabric state is not required when manufacturing the fabric, and the manufactured fabric has excellent warmth and lightness, a C-shaped hollow fiber using the same, a fabric including the C-shaped composite fiber and/or the C-shaped hollow fiber, and a manufacturing method of the C-shaped composite fiber, the C-shaped hollow fiber, and/or the fabric.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing information about an available service using a proxy server and a method thereof. The apparatus includes an available service checker, a database, an available service searcher, and an available service broadcaster. The apparatus may provide information through the proxy server regarding available services of a device that is not currently connected to a basic service set (BSS), thereby preventing generation of excessive amount of traffic.

Abstract: Disclosed is a message communication method of transmitting and receiving a certain message, independently of any network, without privacy invasion issues. The method includes generating vendor specific data on the basis of input information, adding the generated vendor specific data to a P2P information element of a probe request frame, and transmitting the probe request frame to another message communication apparatus. Thus, an apparatus conforming to a Wi-Fi Direct standard may transmit/receive a certain message to/from another terminal independently of a use region, a use environment, and a network of a large telecommunication vendor, without privacy invasion issues.

Abstract: A cost-cognitive base station apparatus, a cost-cognitive user terminal, and a cost-cognitive network method, in which by recognizing costs based on network congestion, a user may select and receive appropriate network services, thereby reducing telecommunication expenses and inducing the user to a less congested network, which leads to improved network management efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention relates to smart glasses, and the smart glasses include: a frame mounted with lens; a pair of temples extended in one direction from both side ends of the frame so as to face each other; a rear camera mounted at an end of the temple and configured to photograph a rear image of a wearer; a display unit installed at one side of the lens and configured to display the rear image photographed by the rear camera; and a control device configured to control an operation of each of the constituent elements, thereby enabling a user to check a situation in the rear view without turning his/her head.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for managing instant connection based on a wireless local area network are provided. The method includes: creating, by an accessed terminal, connection information required for setting connection therewith; creating, by the accessed terminal, a management frame by using the connection information; transmitting, by the accessed terminal, the created management frame to a peripheral terminal; receiving, by the peripheral terminal, the management frame and extracting connection information from the received management frame; and setting, by the peripheral terminal, connection with the accessed terminal by accessing the accessed terminal by using the extracted connection information to rapidly access a desired terminal without performing a device discovery process.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing information about an available service using a proxy server and a method thereof. The apparatus includes an available service checker, a database, an available service searcher, and an available service broadcaster. The apparatus may provide information through the proxy server regarding available services of a device that is not currently connected to a basic service set (BSS), thereby preventing generation of excessive amount of traffic.

Abstract: Disclosed is a message communication method of transmitting and receiving a certain message, independently of any network, without privacy invasion issues. The method includes generating vendor specific data on the basis of input information, adding the generated vendor specific data to a P2P information element of a probe request frame, and transmitting the probe request frame to another message communication apparatus. Thus, an apparatus conforming to a Wi-Fi Direct standard may transmit/receive a certain message to/from another terminal independently of a use region, a use environment, and a network of a large telecommunication vendor, without privacy invasion issues.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for informing a bus driver of a user's intention to get on or off a bus. The apparatus for informing a bus driver of a user's intention to get on or off a bus includes a getting-on information collection device. The getting-on information collection device includes a getting-on information reception unit, an arrival-expected bus identification unit, and a transmission information transmission unit. The getting-on information reception unit receives getting-on information entered by a passenger who desires to get on a bus at a bus stop via a getting-on information transfer device of the bus stop. The arrival-expected bus identification unit identifies a bus expected to arrive having the earliest expected arrival time at the bus stop based on a bus number. The transmission information transmission unit transmits the transmission information to the getting-on information notification device of the bus expected to arrive.

Abstract: Disclosed is a makeup system based on expert knowledge including: a makeup robot controlled to apply a cosmetic to a face of a user; a makeup server expert system including makeup information associated with makeup application and command profile information created by programming operation commands of the makeup robot; and a makeup client system configured to download a command profile for controlling operation of the makeup robot from the makeup server expert system, and transmit the command profile to the makeup robot.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus having a plurality of network interfaces and a transmission method using a plurality of the network interfaces are provided. The transmission apparatus includes: a session information extraction unit which extracts session information of an IP packet; a network interface determination unit which determines a network interface associated with session information of the IP packet based on a table for mapping sessions to the network interfaces according to available bandwidths of the network interfaces; and a traffic distribution unit which transmits the IP packet to the determined network interface. Accordingly, traffic is distributed over a plurality of network interfaces, so that optimal communication performance can be ensured in a simultaneous multiple-mode connection environment, and network resources can be efficiently utilized.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for providing customized contents based on terminal information. The method includes obtaining information on a terminal that operates contents; if a user selects contents, determining whether the selected contents are available or if it is necessary to request a contents provider to provide the contents, if necessary, requesting the contents provider to provide the contents via a predetermined communication network and receiving the contents from the contents provider; determining whether a file format of the available contents or the received contents is converted in order to perform the contents in the terminal, and if necessary, converting the file format of the contents, and preparing for the contents; and transmitting the prepared contents to the terminal and providing the transmitted contents to the user.

Abstract: The present invention provides a secondary power supply for the telematics terminal. A secondary power supply for a telematics terminal including. a power control unit for controlling a power supply based on a power control signal of the telematics terminal and/or a start-up key signal; a telematics control unit which is operated by power supplied from a secondary power supply unit under the control of the power control unit and controls each of components inside the telematics terminal; the secondary power supply unit for supplying the power to the telematics control unit; and a rectifying unit for rectifying power from a main power supply unit one more time and protecting the components from a reverse voltage by opening the connection of the main power supply unit and the secondary power supply unit when a voltage level of the secondary power supply unit is higher than that of the main power supply unit.