Abstract: The present invention relates to a preparation method of methacrylic acid which improves reaction selectivity of methacrylic acid. The method may include producing methacrylic acid by gas phase oxidation of methachrolane in the presence of catalyst. Particularly, the present invention relates to the preparation method of methacrylic acid comprising the step of introducing CO2 up to 3˜80 mole % of the feed gas in the presence off catalyst having the general formula of PaMo11VbXcYdOe. X may be one or more elements selected from the group of alkaline metal and Tl element. Y may be one or more elements selected from the group of Cu, Pb, Sb, Cr and Ce. In addition, a, b, c, d and e are the molar ratio of each necessary element when molybdenum is 11; where a is 0.8˜1.6, b is 0.6˜2, c is 0.8˜2.2, d is 0.1˜0.8 and e is a suitable value for elemental valency in the composition of said formula respectively.

Abstract: An improved production method of aromatic carboxylic acid products of significantly improved yield and quality by oxidizing alkyl aromatic substrates or their partially oxidized intermediates in a conventional MC-type catalyst system modified to contain additional components such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal in an acetic acid medium in a feed gas containing oxygen and optionally carbon dioxide. Since carbon dioxide functioned as a co-oxidant along with oxygen in the oxidation reaction, the oxidation reaction proceeds more selectively to produce the carboxylic acid product much faster under milder reaction conditions over the conventional MC-type oxidation. In particular, the oxidation of para-xylene carried out by the novel present method enabled production of terephthalic acid of higher yield and enhanced quality, which were improved far more than the extent that generally could be expected by current PTA producers.

Abstract: An improved production method of aromatic carboxylic acid products of significantly improved yield and quality, the method including oxidizing alkyl aromatic substrates or their partially oxidized intermediates in a catalyst system containing a conventional catalyst and, if deemed necessary, additional components such as a transition metal or lanthanide series metal, in an acetic acid medium, with a feed gas containing both oxygen and carbon dioxide. Since carbon dioxide functions as a co-oxidant along with oxygen in the oxidation reaction, the oxidation reaction proceeds more selectively to produce the carboxylic acid product much faster under milder reaction conditions as compared to the conventional oxidation.

Abstract: A process for reducing the sulfur and ash content of coal wherein coal particles are treated with a conditioning agent in an aqueous slurry prior to agglomeration with a minor amount of hydrocarbon oil. After separation of the coal-oil agglomerate from ash and mineral matter remaining in the aqueous slurry, additional oil is added to provide a slurry of coal particles in hydrocarbon oil. Agglomeration of remaining ash and mineral matter is effected by addition of a minor amount of water. After separation of the mineral agglomerate and recovery from the oil slurry, treated coal particles are substantially reduced in ash and sulfur content.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for the polymerization, including oligomerization and codimerization, of olefins is provided by combining (A) zirconium, (B) a monophosphine electron donor ligand, and (C) a Lewis acid-reducing agent, in molar ratios of (B) to (A) of about 1 to 10:1 and (C) to (A) of about 1 to 40:1. Preferred catalyst components are zirconium acetylacetonate, triphenylphosphine or tri-n-butylphosphine and ethylaluminum sesquichloride. The catalyst composition of this invention may be employed in the dimerization of olefins such as propylene as well as in codimerization reactions, such as the preparation of heptenes from propylene and butenes.

Abstract: A separate phase of alumina is the matrix in which a separately prepared silica alumina is dispersed in the mixture of aqueous gels, which mixture is spray dried, and the solids calcined at about 1350.degree. F for about 3 hours. From about 0.001% to about 0.1% iron is impregnated into the support. Hydrocarbonylation of pentene-1 over such iron-containing catalyst provides hexanol and hexanal with an attractive combination of activity, selectivity, and stability for the catalytic process, the iron remaining on the support after repeated leaching by liquid product.

Abstract: A novel codimerization process using a heterogeneous, nickel-containing catalysts comprisingA. a nickel carbonyl complex, andB. an acidic, solid, silica-based material are active in co-dimerization, of various olefins. In specific aspects, bis(triphenylphosphine) nickel dicarbonyl supported on an acidic, calcined, silica-alumina support containing a separate alumina phase, is active in, the codimerization of a conjugated diene and an alpha-olefin.

Abstract: Novel heterogeneous, nickel-containing catalysts comprisingA. a nickel carbonyl complex, andB. an acidic, solid, silica-based material are active in numerous reactive environments such as oligomerization, including homo- and co-dimerization, and polymerization of various olefins. In specific aspects, bis(triphenylphosphine) nickel dicarbonyl supported on an acidic, calcined, silica-alumina support containing a separate alumina phase, is active in, for instance, the oligomerization, particularly dimerization, of ethylene and propylene, the codimerization of a conjugated diene and an alpha-olefin and the polymerization of conjugated dienes.

Abstract: A solid phase catalyst composition comprising a complex of nickel, a Group V-A electron donor ligand, and a non-protonic Lewis acid and reducing agent on a solid, acidic silica-based support. Exemplary is a complex comprising nickel acetylacetonate, trialkylphosphine, and ethylaluminum sesquichloride on a solid, acidic silica-based support. Use of the catalyst in the polymerization of olefin hydrocarbons is also disclosed.

Abstract: A new, solid catalyst suitable for the hydroformylation of low molecular weight olefins is disclosed. The catalyst composition is a hydrido-cobalt or nickel carbonyl-Group VA electron donor ligand complex on a solid, acidic, silica-based support. Preferred electron donor ligands are phosphines and tertiary amines. A preferred catalyst support contains amorphous silica-alumina and alumina.

Abstract: A new solid catalyst suitable for the hydroformylation including hydroxyhydroformylation, of low molecular weight olefins is disclosed. The catalyst composition is a hydrido-cobalt or nickel-carbonyl-Group VA electron donor ligand-platinum-group metal complex on a solid, porous, acidic, silica-based support.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for the polymerization, including oligomerization and dimerization, of olefins is provided by combining (A) a nickel source, (B) a chlorocontaining electron donor ligand, and (C) a Lewis acidreducing agent, in molar ratios of (B) to (A) of about 0.5 to 15:1 and (C) to (A) of about 3 to 40:1. Preferred catalyst components are nickel acetylacetonate, chlorodiphenylphosphine and ethylaluminum sesquichloride. These catalyst compositions can be supported on a suitable carrier.

Abstract: A solid phase catalyst for the polymerization, including oligomerization and codimerization, of olefins is provided by combining (A) a nickel source, (B) an electron donor ligand, and (C) a Lewis acid-reducing agent, in molar ratios of (B) to (A) of about 3 to 10:1 and (C) to (A) of about 2 or 3 to 40:1. Preferred catalyst components are nickel acetylacetonate, tri-n-butylphosphine, and ethylaluminum sesquichloride. Butenes and propylene are codimerized to provide yields of up to about 60% heptenes.

Abstract: A process for reducing the sulfur content of hydrocarbon material by oxidizing the sulfur impurities contained in the hydrocarbon material, contacting the oxidized sulfur-containing hydrocarbon material with at least one of certain metal containing components at conditions to form a metal, sulfur-containing compound and recovering a hydrocarbon material of reduced sulfur content.

Abstract: A new, solid catalyst suitable for the hydroformylation of low molecular weight olefins is disclosed. The catalyst composition is a hydrido-platinum group metal carbonyl-Group VA electron donor ligand complex on a solid, sodium form natural or synthetic crystalline aluminosilicate support.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for the hydroformylation, including hydroxyhydroformylation, of C.sub.2 to C.sub.16 olefins to provide alcohols and aldehydes is disclosed. The catalyst contains a hydrido-platinum-group metal-carbonyl, such as hydridopalladium carbonyl, on a solid, acidic, silica-based support material. The catalyst composition can also contain a Group VA electron donor ligand, such as triphenyl phosphine.