Abstract: A method for increasing the current yield or electrolytic efficiency of a sion electrolysis, especially water electrolysis, with which an anodic oxygen separation occurs. Lithium ions are added to the fusion electrolyte. Such lithium ions may be added by adding lithium as hydroxide or fluoride, sulfate or carbonate. The lithium addition amounts to at least 15 Mol % of the melt. Electrolyte is formed by a lithium hydroxide containing alkali hydroxide melt.

Abstract: Particles of electrically conducting activated carbon of about 500 to 1,000 m.sup.2 /g specific surface added to an electrolyte provided by a solution of sulfur dioxide in water are found to provide a substantial reduction of the electrical energy requirement in the electrolysis of such an electrolyte for the production of hydrogen and sulfuric acid. A further reduction of energy consumption is obtained by additionally introducing iodine in the electrolyte in an amount not exceeding 1% by weight of the entire solution. Use of an anode in which the surface of a graphite base body is coated with a thin layer of activated carbon bonded to the graphite body by means of a binder, such as rubber, also reduces the electrical energy requirement for the electrolysis. To coat the surface of the electrode, carbon particles are first dispersed in a rubber solution and the suspension is then applied to the surface of the graphite body as a thin layer.

Abstract: On a sheet steel carrier a suspension containing a binder and nickel powder r a powder containing a nickel alloy in a volatile suspension medium is applied, with or without an additional pore-forming material, and the sintered to produce a porous sintered layer. Alternatively, this sintered layer can be obtained by depositing and consolidating the powdered mixture on the carrier with the aid of a plasma gun. A nickel/zinc alloy is then precipitated electrolytically on the sintered material thus produced and, finally, the zinc is dissolved out by dipping in lye. The carrier may be of metal and particularly a wire lattice of nickel or iron. It may also be a solid electrolyte membrane, such as a disc of .beta.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: A method for producing hydrogen according to a hybrid process. A low oxide, hich is formed at a high temperature from a higher oxide accompanied by splitting-off of oxygen, is introduced into an aqueous electrolyte and is reoxidized anodically along with simulataneous cathodic hydrogen generation. The oxide is returned into the high temperature range. As an oxide, antimony oxide, especially antimony tetraoxide, is used, with the oxide being formed anodically in a melt-flow electrolysis and being decomposed again into antimony trioxide and oxygen at approximately 850.degree. to 1000.degree. C. As an electrolyte, an alkali melt, and especially a melt having a sodium hydroxide base, may be used. The electrolyte may be formed by a possibly salt, especially sodium fluoride, containing mixture of sodium hydroxide and antimony trioxide in a mole ratio of 1:0.5 to 1:5.0, with a water content of approxaimately 1 to 5% by weight. The anode chamber is separated from the cathode chamber by a .beta.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for generating hydrogen and oxygen. Water is electroically decomposed in an electrolysis cell having a molten electrolyte which contains alkali ions and has a high OH.sup.- ion activity. The anode and cathode chambers are separated from one another by a separator made of an ion conducting aluminum oxide modification known as .beta.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. Hydrogen and oxygen are then separately withdrawn.

Abstract: A method of generating oxygen and hydrogen from water in which an acidic electrolyte containing formaldehyde is electrolyzed and produces oxygen and a gas which contains a low molecular-weight hydrocarbon. The low molecular-weight hydrocarbon is subjected to a catalytic conversion with water to produce synthesis gas consisting predominantly of hydrogen and carbon monoxide which are reacted to yield methanol. The methanol, in turn, is reacted to produce formaldehyde which is introduced into the electrolysis itself and hydrogen which is recovered.

Abstract: Method of and apparatus for processing the surface of bodies, especially of lectrically non-conductive material. A body is brought into contact with an electrolyte liquid, e.g. by immersing the body; simultaneously the surface to be processed contacting by means of electric conductors continuously or temporarily a portion only of the surface to be processed in contact with an electrode of dimensions corresponding to the surface to be processed.