Abstract: A moving piece of leather on a bearing support will be moved parallel to a moving open-porous-structured, mesh-like (strainer) belt, the pores or meshes being filled with fluid. This fluid will be transmitted by pressure onto the leather surface.The pressure can be caused either by a pressure roll, or an oscillating zone of pressure, rotating bristle or a linear air or steam flow. The applied amount will be controlled by the relative speed between the leather surface and the mesh-like (strainer) belt.

Abstract: A process for stretching leather and similar flat materials, characterized by at least one part of an initial surface of a piece of leather is placed on a bearing surface which is slidable with respect to the leather, the piece of leather being loaded with pressure forces, which are spread over at least one part of the bearing surface, working in the direction of the bearing surface, and the stretching forces for stretching the leather under strain relative to the bearing surface are put into effect over at least one part of a second surface of the piece of leather and being at least approximately tangential with reference to a leather surface as well as at least approximately polydirectional in the direction of the edge of the leather piece.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for the drying of leather where an improved uniform distribution of the desired residual moisture content is obtained and a reproducible setting of the moisture content is effected in a capable and powerful method. The leather is subjected to an absorption heating with an electromagnetic wave field in a frequency region of from 0.3 to about 30 GHz. During or alternating with this application, the material to be treated is subjected to a treatment pressure lower than atmospheric pressure. The application of the microwave absorption device in connection with lowered pressure results in the required and desired properties of the leather with respect to residual moisture content. Furthermore, an improvement of the flexibility and handling capabilities of the leather results because of the generation of heat inside of the leather.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for expanding the area and for drying of leather pieces, felts and other similar flat materials. On both sides of the leather elastic foils impervious to air are disposed, a vacuum is connected to the space between the two foils and then forces are applied for enlarging the area of the foils, where the forces are predominantly disposed in the plane of the foils. Thermal energy can be fed to the flat material. The forces can be intermittently applied and they can be provided preferably by hydraulic or pneumatic means.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an ironing device comprising an iron having an electrically heated and temperature regulated sole, at least one temperature sensor positioned in the vicinity of said sole, and a heater connected to an external electric supply. A temperature regulator is positioned remote from the iron for controlling the current supply to the heater and is responsive to the temperature sensor. The temperature sensor has at least one temperature-dependent resistor and at least one compensating resistor connected with the temperature-dependent resistor. An actual-valve input sets the desired temperature of the sole. The temperature-dependent resistor is also connected to the actual-value input.

Abstract: A method for the continuous processing of laminar flexible workpieces, especially in the production of leather, shoes or clothing is disclosed. The method involves the pressing, especially hot-press gluing of workpieces wherein the workpieces are conveyed along a continuous path in pressure zones comprising at least one low-pressure zone on the input side for spreading or smoothing the workpieces and at least one succeeding high-pressure zone for pressing the workpieces. The workpieces are preferably conveyed in a generally upwardly direction from the inlet toward an outlet generally superposed above and in a direction opposite the inlet feed of the workpieces.

Abstract: A throughpass leather working machine, especially an embossing and ironing machine for leather which comprises at least one substantially tubular-shaped, thick-walled leather working element in the form of an embossing and/or ironing element which at both ends at the outer surface thereof and externally of the embossing or ironing zone has substantially cylindrical bearing or contact surfaces at which there are exerted by means of rollers or open rolling-contact bearings embossing or ironing forces. These forces are transmitted by means of the embossing or ironing zone to the surface of the leather piece which is being processed. The leather pieces are supported and transported by elastic support means and at least one counter-pressure roll.

Abstract: A method of, and apparatus for, flexibilizing or softening leather or like materials wherein opposite marginal regions or lines of at least one area section of the piece of material to be worked and extending at least partially over such piece of material are moved periodically in relation to each other. This relative movement comprises or consists of a movement component directed parallel to the plane of said piece of material. This can be achieved by means of at least two tools moved appropriately in relation to each other and acting on the material by imposing an alternating deformation thereon comprising a movement component parallel to the plane of the piece of material.

Abstract: In a rotary ironing machine for applying treatments such as ironing, embossing and the like to sheet materials such as leather, cardboard and the like, the cylindrical ironing surface is provided on a thin-walled hollow cylinder, the sheet material is fed by a conveyor belt between said cylinder and an external pressure roller, a counter-pressure roller being provided within the cylinder. Radiation heating means are provided for the ironing surface, externally or preferably internally of the hollow cylinder. Said cylinder is supported by external or internal guide rollers which, together with the heating arrangement, are supported by a carrier which is disposed within the cylinder and is supported at only one end thereof. Other details are disclosed, including a retaining arrangement, for retaining and spreading the sheet material and stripping arrangements with oscillating stripper fingers.

Abstract: A method of, and apparatus for, dewatering leather wherein there is provided at least a first dewatering-pressure zone and to both sides and neighboring such first dewatering-pressure zone two further dewatering-pressure zones producing a lower pressure than the first dewatering-pressure zone. The two further dewatering-pressure zones together with the first dewatering-pressure zone move over the surface of the leather, and the leather, at the region of the pressure zones, is brought into pressure contact, at least at one face or side thereof, with an absorbent element.

Abstract: This invention relates to machines for softening leather, commonly referred to as staking machines, of the type in which leather to be staked is passed between opposed interengageable processing elements the distance between which is periodically increased and decreased by relative movement of the processing elements. The leather is staked by the action of the processing elements as they approach their minimum distance apart. The construction of the machine is such that the processing elements both execute a periodic motion around closed paths e.g. circular paths. The movements of the two processing elements around their closed paths are mechanically synchronized. Thus, the leather is processed and is simultaneously transported by the movement of the processing elements.