Abstract: Fresh concrete which contains in 1 m3 50 to 300 kg of water, 135 to 400 kg of cement or 135 to 600 kg of a mixture of cement and at least one substituent thereof, 10 to 150 kg of finely ground brick, ceramic, mixed or concrete recyclate having a particle size of 5 to 250 microns and a specific surface of 300 to 1500 m2/kg or 10 to 150 kg of a mixture of finely ground brick, ceramic, mixed or concrete recyclate having a particle size of 5 to 250 microns and a specific surface of 300 to 1500 m2/kg and microsilica and/or at least one substituent thereof, with a content of finely ground recyclate in this combination of at least 10% by weight, and 1000 to 2300 kg of aggregate.

Abstract: A method for reducing or removing organic and/or inorganic contamination from a vacuum system of imaging and analytical devices, wherein at least a portion of the area of the inner surface of the vacuum space of the vacuum system is provided with a photocatalytic layer, at least a portion of this photocatalytic layer being cooled to a temperature in the range of 0 K to 280 K, whereby the photocatalytic layer is afterwards at least partially irradiated by electromagnetic radiation, which activates a photocatalytic reaction of the photocatalytic layer with the adsorbed gases of the atmosphere of the inner vacuum space of the vacuum system, where this reaction decomposes the contaminants, reducing their concentration and/or the concentration of water in the inner vacuum space of the vacuum system.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of inner surfaces of vacuum components and the device for carrying it out which enables the reduction of undesirable organic and inorganic contamination of vacuum systems not only in those that are being produced, but also enables the reduction of contamination in systems that are already in use, such as SEM, TEM, SEM-FIB, XPS, MALDI, SIMS and other analytical and inspection techniques. The proposed method for contaminant treatment derives benefit from a photocatalytic process, which is actually a chemical decomposition of contaminants using a photocatalytic material and electromagnetic radiation, the photocatalytic material being cooled simultaneously to a low temperature. The photocatalytic material is applied to the walls of the vacuum system or vacuum units, which are included in the system, in the form of a layer.