Abstract: This X-ray phase imaging system includes a plurality of gratings including a first grating that is irradiated with X-rays from an X-ray source and a second grating that is irradiated with X-rays from the first grating. The X-ray phase imaging system includes an imaging unit that optically images a subject and one or both of the first grating and the second grating.

Abstract: Fail-safe circuit for a constant speed drive apparatus which inhibit constant speed drive control when abnormality occurs in the constant speed drive apparatus. Thus trouble occurs in the fail-safe circuit itself, constant speed drive control is inhibited so that fail-safe operation can be positively performed. When the trouble occurs constant speed drive control is automatically inhibited. Thereby higher safety in the constant speed drive can be obtained.

Abstract: A constant speed cruise control system of duty ratio control type for approximating an actual car speed to a stored target car speed, by on/off control of a control valve of an actuator to adjust the throttle valve opening degree by an output duty ratio D obtained from a control line having a gradient showing a conversion characteristic of car speed and duty ratio.The system has a controller in whicha set duty ratio DS corresponding to the target car speed is calculated asSD=SD1+(DM-SD1)/nand the output duty ratio D is calculated asD=G.times.V+SDwhereG: gradient of control lineV: car speed deviationDM: integrating element responding quickly to duty ratio changeSD1: integrating element responding slowly to duty ratio changen: coefficientand the controller corrects to integrate the set duty ratio SD in a direction of approximating the output duty ratio D.

Abstract: A vehicle speed control apparatus for automatically maintaining the vehicle speed of an automobile at a desired speed without the operation of the accelerator pedal, which apparatus includes an increase switch and a speed-increase means for continuously increasing the opening degree of the throttle valve when the increase switch is operated. When the increase switch is operated, the desired speed changes in response to the increasing actual speed of the automobile. The desired speed is finally determined to be the value of the actual vehicle speed just before the increase switch returns to the non-operating condition.

Abstract: A device for controlling the speed of an automotive vehicle based on a preselected vehicle speed, including a vehicle speed detector, an actual speed setting switch, a vehicle speed selection unit, a selected speed presetting switch, and an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit receives the signals from the vehicle speed detector, the actual speed setting switch, the vehicle speed selection unit, and the selected speed presetting switch and generates a signal for control of the output of the vehicle engine.

Abstract: A cruise control system for an automotive vehicle, which automatically controls the throttle valve opening to maintain the vehicle speed constant without a driver's operation of the accelerator pedal once the vehicle speed is set to a desired value, is designed so that acceleration at the time of operating an increase set switch or resume switch is increased to ensure a comfortable drive while ascending a long slope. To this end, the cruise control system is provided with an overdrive controller which releases the overdrive at the time of operating the increase set switch and which resumes the overdrive at the time of releasing the operation of the increase set switch, or an overdrive controller which releases the overdrive at the time of operating the resume switch when the vehicle speed at that time is sufficiently lower than the set speed and which resumes the overdrive when the vehicle speed has been restored substantially to the set speed.

Abstract: A cruise control system for an automotive vehicle which automatically controls the throttle valve opening to maintain the vehicle speed constant without a driver's operation of the accelerator pedal once the vehicle speed is set to a desired value, is designed so that acceleration at the time of operating an increase set switch or resume switch is increased to ensure a comfortable drive while ascending a long slope. To this end, the cruise control system is provided with an overdrive controller which releases overdrive at the time of operating the increase set switch and resumes the overdrive at the time of releasing the operation of the increase set switch, or an overdrive controller which releases overdrive at the time of operating the resume switch when the vehicle speed at that time is sufficiently lower than the set speed and resumes the overdrive when the vehicle speed has been restored substantially to the set speed.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling the speed of an automobile in which the speed is maintained at a preset speed when a resume switch is manipulated. A memory stores data corresponding to the preset speed. The difference between the preset speed and the actual speed of the automobile is detected and this difference is employed to switch the reduction ratio of transmission gears of the automobile. The reduction ratio is increased when the actual speed becomes a predetermined speed less than the preset speed and when a predetermined condition is established. The predetermined condition is, for example, a condition in which the actual speed is less than the predetermined speed, the actual degree of acceleration is less than the predetermined degree of acceleration, or a predetermined time period elapses after the resume switch is manipulated.

Abstract: A vehicle speed control apparatus for automatically maintaining the vehicle speed of an automobile at a desired speed without the operation of the accelerator pedal, which apparatus includes an increase switch and a speed-increase means for continuously increasing the opening degree of the throttle valve when the increase switch is operated. When the increase switch is operated, the desired speed changes in response to the increasing actual speed of the automobile. The desired speed is finally determined to be the value of the actual vehicle speed just before the increase switch returns to the non-operating condition.

Abstract: A cruise control system for an automotive vehicle, which automatically controls the throttle valve opening to maintain the vehicle speed constant without a driver's operation of the accelerator pedal once the vehicle speed is set to a desired value, is designed so that acceleration at the time of operating an increase set switch or resume switch is increased to ensure a comfortable drive while ascending a long slope. To this end, the cruise control system is provided with an overdrive controller which releases the overdrive at the time of operating the increase set switch and which resumes the overdrive at the time of releasing the operation of the increase set switch, or an overdrive controller which releases the overdrive at the time of operating the resume switch when the vehicle speed at that time is sufficiently lower than the set speed and which resumes the overdrive when the vehicle speed has been restored substantially to the set speed.