Abstract: A system for dynamically balancing power in a battery pack during charging and discharging includes a battery pack, a control unit, and a load unit. The battery pack includes one or more modules. Each module includes one or more bricks. Each brick includes one or more blocks connected either in a series configuration or in a parallel configuration. Each block includes one or more cells. The control unit is connected with the battery pack across each of the blocks for processing power from each of the blocks irrespective of a power mismatch between the blocks. The control unit dynamically balances the power in the battery pack by controlling a differential current from a block with higher state of charge (SOC) to a block of lower SOC, using one or more converters and thereby maximizing available energy of the battery pack during charging and discharging.

Abstract: A battery management system for dynamically balancing power in a battery module is provided. The battery management system comprises a plurality of modules, and each of the plurality of modules comprises a plurality of bricks. Each of the plurality of bricks comprises a plurality of blocks, electrically connected in one of a series configuration or a parallel configuration and a controller assembly provided in each of the plurality of the modules. The controller assembly comprises a first converter adapted to be connected to the plurality of bricks and a second converter adapted to be connected to an external system. The controller assembly is configured to obtain a plurality of battery pack parameters from the plurality of bricks using the first converter, process the obtained plurality of battery pack parameters and determine a current level to regulate a charging or discharging of the battery pack using the second converter.

Abstract: A system for dynamically balancing power in a battery pack during charging and discharging includes a battery pack, a control unit, and a load unit. The battery pack includes one or more modules. Each module includes one or more bricks. Each brick includes one or more blocks connected either in a series configuration or in a parallel configuration. Each block includes one or more cells. The control unit is connected with the battery pack across each of the blocks for processing power from each of the blocks irrespective of a power mismatch between the blocks. The control unit dynamically balances the power in the battery pack by controlling a differential current from a block with higher state of charge (SOC) to a block of lower SOC, using one or more converters and thereby maximizing available energy of the battery pack during charging and discharging.

Abstract: One example provides a system for dynamically balancing power in a battery pack during charging and discharging. The system includes a battery pack, a control unit, and a load unit. The battery pack includes one or more modules. Each module includes one or more bricks. Each brick includes one or more blocks connected either in a series configuration or in a parallel configuration. Each block includes one or more cells. The control unit is connected with the battery pack across each of the blocks for processing power from each of the blocks irrespective of a power mismatch between the blocks. The control unit dynamically balances the power in the battery pack by controlling a differential current from a block with higher state of charge (SOC) to a block of lower SOC, using one or more converters and thereby maximizing available energy of the battery pack during charging and discharging.

Abstract: Disclosed examples relate to a power conversion system configured to provide a power output from an arrangement of direct current (DC) power sources. One example power conversion system includes multiple power sources PV(n), n=1 to x, connected in a series. For each power source PV(n) for n=1 to x?1, the power conversion system includes an intermediate bidirectional voltage converter VC(n) connected to a first terminal of the power source PV(n), a first terminal of power source PV(x), and a second terminal of power source PV(1). Each intermediate bidirectional voltage converter VC(n) includes a first switch operable in a pulsed mode to boost a power output by power source PV(n) and a second switch operable in a pulsed mode to reduce a power output by power source PV(n). The power conversion system also includes a balancer VC(x) connected to the first terminal of PV(x) and to a load.

Abstract: Disclosed examples relate to a power conversion system configured to provide a power output from an arrangement of direct current (DC) power sources. One example power conversion system includes multiple power sources PV(n), n=1 to x, connected in a series. For each power source PV(n) for n=1 to x?1, the power conversion system includes an intermediate bidirectional voltage converter VC(n) connected to a first terminal of the power source PV(n), a first terminal of power source PV(x), and a second terminal of power source PV(1). Each intermediate bidirectional voltage converter VC(n) includes a first switch operable in a pulsed mode to boost a power output by power source PV(n) and a second switch operable in a pulsed mode to reduce a power output by power source PV(n). The power conversion system also includes a balancer VC(x) connected to the first terminal of PV(x) and to a load.

Abstract: A system and method for providing targeted, interactive, multimedia advertisements and electronic commerce capability on a hypertext network. Advertising software from a server is loaded on a user's client computer through a browser at the user's request. The display screen of the client computer is partitioned into a browser area, which retains the full functionality of the underlying browser, and advertising area. Controls affecting the presentation and content of the advertisements streamed from the server to the client computer are available to the user in the advertising area, as are secure purchase and electronic coupon controls.

Abstract: A method is provided for performing a transaction that is initiated over an open communication network between a user and a remotely located server. The open communication network may be the Internet, for example. In accordance with one embodiment of the method, a transaction identification number is received from the remotely located server over the open network and subsequently, communication between the user and the remotely located server is discontinued. Communication is established between the user and a transaction server. The transaction server is operatively coupled to the user and the remotely located server over a communication network which is isolated from the open network. The transaction identification number is transmitted to the transaction server over the communication network.

Abstract: Generating delay targets for creating a multilevel hierarchical circuit design by providing a hierarchical design description and delay constraints of the circuit design; generating a net measure for each net and macro cell of the circuit design, and generating an abstract delay model for each macro cell of the circuit design based on the design description, wherein net measure is the estimated resistive-capacitive delay of a net derived from the estimated length of the net based on area-driven design, and an abstract delay model is a description of delays through a macro cell; generating delay targets for the nets and macro cells based on the net measures, the abstract delay models and the delay constraints; and creating the circuit design based on the delay targets.