Abstract: Disclosed herein are integrated circuit (IC) devices with contacts using nitridized molybdenum. For example, a contact arrangement for an IC device may include a semiconductor material and a contact extending into a portion of the semiconductor material. The contact may include molybdenum. The molybdenum may be in a first layer and a second layer, where the second layer may further include nitrogen. The first layer may have a thickness between about 5 nanometers and 16 nanometers, and the second layer may have a thickness between about 0.5 nanometers to 2.5 nanometers. The contact may further include a fill material (e.g., an electrically conductive material) and the second layer may be in contact with the fill material. The molybdenum may have a low resistance, and thus may improve the electrical performance of the contact. The nitridized molybdenum may prevent oxidation during the fabrication of the contact.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein include semiconductor devices with source/drain interconnects that include a barrier layer. In an embodiment the semiconductor device comprises a source region and a drain region. In an embodiment, a semiconductor channel is between the source region and the drain region, and a gate electrode is over the semiconductor channel. In an embodiment, the semiconductor device further comprises interconnects to the source region and the drain region. In an embodiment, the interconnects comprise a barrier layer, a metal layer, and a fill metal.

Abstract: Contacts to p-type source/drain regions comprise a boride, indium, or gallium metal compound layer. The boride, indium, or gallium metal compound layers can aid in forming thermally stable low resistance contacts. A boride, indium, or gallium metal compound layer is positioned between the source/drain region and the contact metal layer. A boride, indium, or gallium metal compound layer can be used in contacts contacting p-type source/drain regions comprising boron, indium, or gallium as the primary dopant, respectively. The boride, indium, or gallium metal compound layers prevent diffusion of boron, indium, or gallium from the source/drain region into the metal contact layer and dopant deactivation in the source/drain region due to annealing and other high-temperature processing steps that occur after contact formation.

Abstract: In one embodiment, layers comprising Carbon (e.g., Silicon Carbide) are on source/drain regions of a transistor, e.g., before gate formation and metallization, and the layers comprising Carbon are later removed in the manufacturing process to form electrical contacts on the source/drain regions.

Abstract: Contacts to n-type source/drain regions comprise a phosphide or arsenide metal compound layer. The phosphide or arsenide metal compound layers can aid in forming thermally stable low resistance contacts. A phosphide or arsenide metal compound layer is positioned between the source/drain region and the contact metal layer of the contact. A phosphide or arsenic metal compound layer can be used in contacts contacting n-type source/drain regions comprising phosphorous or arsenic as the primary dopant, respectively. The phosphide or arsenide metal compound layers prevent diffusion of phosphorous or arsenic from the source/drain region into the metal contact layer and dopant deactivation in the source/drain region due to annealing and other high-temperature processing steps that occur after contact formation.

Abstract: Semiconductor structures having a source and/or drain with a refractory metal cap, and methods of forming the same, are described herein. In one example, a semiconductor structure includes a channel, a gate, a source, and a drain. The source and drain contain silicon and germanium, and one or both of the source and drain are capped with a semiconductor cap and a refractory metal cap. The semiconductor cap is on the source and/or drain and contains germanium and boron. The refractory metal cap is on the semiconductor cap and contains a refractory metal.

Abstract: Contact over active gate (COAG) structures with trench contact layers, and methods of fabricating contact over active gate (COAG) structures using trench contact layers, are described. In an example, an integrated circuit structure includes a gate structure. An epitaxial source or drain structure is adjacent to the gate structure. A conductive trench contact structure is on the epitaxial source or drain structure. The conductive trench contact structure includes a first planar layer on the epitaxial source or drain structure, a second planar layer on the first planar layer, and a conductive fill material on the second planar layer.

Abstract: Source and drain contacts that provide improved contact resistance and contact interface stability for transistors employing silicon and germanium source and drain materials, related transistor structures, integrated circuits, systems, and methods of fabrication are disclosed. Such source and drain contacts include a contact layer of co-deposited titanium and silicon on the silicon and germanium source and drain. The disclosed source and drain contacts improve transistor performance including switching speed and reliability.

Abstract: An integrated circuit structure comprises a first and second vertical arrangement of horizontal nanowires in a PMOS region and in an NMOS region. A first gate stack having a P-type conductive layer surrounds the first vertical arrangement of horizontal nanowires. A second gate stack surrounds the second vertical arrangement of horizontal nanowires. In one embodiment, the second gate stack has an N-type conductive layer, the P-type conductive layer is over the second gate stack, and an N-type conductive fill is between N-type conductive layer and the P-type conductive layer to provide same polarity metal filled gates. In another embodiment, the second gate stack has an N-type conductive layer comprising Titanium (Ti) and “Nitrogen (N) having a low saturation thickness of 3-3.5 nm surrounding the nanowires, and the N-type conductive layer is covered by the P-type conductive layer.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein include complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices and methods of making such devices. In an embodiment, a CMOS device comprises a first transistor with a first conductivity type, where the first transistor comprises a first source region and a first drain region, and a first interface material over the first source region and the first drain region. In an embodiment, the CMOS device further comprises a second transistor with a second conductivity type that is opposite form the first conductivity type, where the second transistor comprises a second source region and a second drain region, and a second interface material over the second source region and the second drain region.

Abstract: Low resistance approaches for fabricating contacts, and semiconductor structures having low resistance metal contacts, are described. In an example, an integrated circuit structure includes a semiconductor structure above a substrate. A gate electrode is over the semiconductor structure, the gate electrode defining a channel region in the semiconductor structure. A first semiconductor source or drain structure is at a first end of the channel region at a first side of the gate electrode. A second semiconductor source or drain structure is at a second end of the channel region at a second side of the gate electrode, the second end opposite the first end. A source or drain contact is directly on the first or second semiconductor source or drain structure, the source or drain contact including a barrier layer and an inner conductive structure.

Abstract: Approaches for fabricating an integrated circuit structure including a titanium silicide material, and the resulting structures, are described. In an example, an integrated circuit structure includes a semiconductor fin above a substrate, a gate electrode over the top and adjacent to the sidewalls of a portion of the semiconductor fin. A titanium silicide material is in direct contact with each of first and second epitaxial semiconductor source or drain structures at first and second sides of the gate electrode. The titanium silicide material is conformal with and hermetically sealing a non-flat topography of each of the first and second epitaxial semiconductor source or drain structures. The titanium silicide material has a total atomic composition including 95% or greater stoichiometric TiSi2.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein include semiconductor devices with source/drain interconnects that include a barrier layer. In an embodiment the semiconductor device comprises a source region and a drain region. In an embodiment, a semiconductor channel is between the source region and the drain region, and a gate electrode is over the semiconductor channel. In an embodiment, the semiconductor device further comprises interconnects to the source region and the drain region. In an embodiment, the interconnects comprise a barrier layer, a metal layer, and a fill metal.