Abstract: Techniques of packet level redundancy in distributed computing systems are disclosed herein. In one example, upon receiving an original packet to be transmitted from a source host to an application executing at a destination host, the source host generates a duplicated packet based on the received original packet. The source host can then encapsulate the original and duplicated packets with first and second outer headers having first and second header values, respectively, and transmitting the original and the duplicated packets from the source host to the destination host via a first network path and a second network path in the computer network, respectively. Then, the transmitted original and duplicated packets can be de-duplicated at the destination host before providing the de-duplicated original and duplicated packets to the application executing at the destination host.

Abstract: Ghost routing is a network verification technique that uses a portion of a production network itself to verify the impact of potential network changes. Ghost routing logically partitions the production network into a main network and a ghost network. The main network handles live traffic while the ghost network handles traffic generated for diagnostic purposes. The ghost network may have a network topology identical to the production network and may use the same hardware and software as the production network. An operator may implement a network configuration change on the ghost network and then use verification tools to verify that the network configuration change on the ghost network does not result in bugs. Verifying on the ghost network may not affect the main network. If the network operator verifies the network configuration change on the ghost network, the network operator may implement the network configuration change on the main network.

Abstract: Ghost routing is a network verification technique that uses a portion of a production network itself to verify the impact of potential network changes. Ghost routing logically partitions the production network into a main network and a ghost network. The main network handles live traffic while the ghost network handles traffic generated for diagnostic purposes. The ghost network may have a network topology identical to the production network and may use the same hardware and software as the production network. An operator may implement a network configuration change on the ghost network and then use verification tools to verify that the network configuration change on the ghost network does not result in bugs. Verifying on the ghost network may not affect the main network. If the network operator verifies the network configuration change on the ghost network, the network operator may implement the network configuration change on the main network.

Abstract: Techniques for facilitating load balancing in distributed computing systems are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving, at a destination server, a request packet from a load balancer via the computer network requesting a remote direct memory access (“RDMA”) connection between an originating server and one or more other servers selectable by the load balancer. The method can also include configuring, at the destination server, a rule for processing additional packets transmittable to the originating server via the RDMA connection based on the received reply packet. The rule is configured to encapsulate an outgoing packet transmittable to the originating server with an outer header having a destination field containing a network address of the originating server and a source field containing another network address of the destination server.

Abstract: A network verification system uses general-purpose programming language to create network verification tests. A test orchestrator builds a model of the network only using data from the network verification test. An optimization testing manager creates symbolic packets for verification tests using assertions based on a packet library embedded into the testing manager and the general-purpose programming language.

Abstract: Techniques for facilitating load balancing in distributed computing systems are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving, at a destination server, a request packet from a load balancer via the computer network requesting a remote direct memory access (“RDMA”) connection between an originating server and one or more other servers selectable by the load balancer. The method can also include configuring, at the destination server, a rule for processing additional packets transmittable to the originating server via the RDMA connection based on the received reply packet. The rule is configured to encapsulate an outgoing packet transmittable to the originating server with an outer header having a destination field containing a network address of the originating server and a source field containing another network address of the destination server.

Abstract: An originating host device in a distribution chain is provided upstream from multiple host devices including intermediary and terminating host devices. The originating host device includes a core with a generation application and a first RDMA NIC. The core: determines a plan for transferring data between the originating host device and the other host devices; and generates WQEs to implement the plan. The first RDMA NIC includes a read application, a descriptor application, and a reception application. The read application is configured such that the first RDMA NIC reads the WQEs from a first memory. The descriptor application is configured such that the first RDMA NIC: writes a portion of the WQEs directly from the first RDMA NIC to a second memory of the intermediary host device; and triggers a second RDMA NIC of the intermediary host device to process the portion of the WQEs stored in the second memory.

Abstract: Techniques for facilitating load balancing in distributed computing systems are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving, at a destination server, a request packet from a load balancer via the computer network requesting a remote direct memory access (“RDMA”) connection between an originating server and one or more other servers selectable by the load balancer. The method can also include configuring, at the destination server, a rule for processing additional packets transmittable to the originating server via the RDMA connection based on the received reply packet. The rule is configured to encapsulate an outgoing packet transmittable to the originating server with an outer header having a destination field containing a network address of the originating server and a source field containing another network address of the destination server.

Abstract: Micro-schedulers control bandwidth allocation for clients, each client subscribing to a respective predefined portion of bandwidth of an outgoing communication link. A macro-scheduler controls the micro-schedulers, by allocating the respective subscribed portion of bandwidth associated with each respective client that is active, by a predefined first deadline, with residual bandwidth that is unused by the respective clients being shared proportionately among respective active clients by a predefined second deadline, while minimizing coordination among micro-schedulers by the macro-scheduler periodically adjusting respective bandwidth allocations to each micro-scheduler.

Abstract: Micro-schedulers control bandwidth allocation for clients, each client subscribing to a respective predefined portion of bandwidth of an outgoing communication link. A macro-scheduler controls the micro-schedulers, by allocating the respective subscribed portion of bandwidth associated with each respective client that is active, by a predefined first deadline, with residual bandwidth that is unused by the respective clients being shared proportionately among respective active clients by a predefined second deadline, while minimizing coordination among micro-schedulers by the macro-scheduler periodically adjusting respective bandwidth allocations to each micro-scheduler.

Abstract: Micro-schedulers control bandwidth allocation for clients, each client subscribing to a respective predefined portion of bandwidth of an outgoing communication link. A macro-scheduler controls the micro-schedulers, by allocating the respective subscribed portion of bandwidth associated with each respective client that is active, by a predefined first deadline, with residual bandwidth that is unused by the respective clients being shared proportionately among respective active clients by a predefined second deadline, while minimizing coordination among micro-schedulers by the macro-scheduler periodically adjusting respective bandwidth allocations to each micro-scheduler.

Abstract: Techniques for facilitating load balancing in distributed computing systems are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving, at a destination server, a request packet from a load balancer via the computer network requesting a remote direct memory access (“RDMA”) connection between an originating server and one or more other servers selectable by the load balancer. The method can also include configuring, at the destination server, a rule for processing additional packets transmittable to the originating server via the RDMA connection based on the received reply packet. The rule is configured to encapsulate an outgoing packet transmittable to the originating server with an outer header having a destination field containing a network address of the originating server and a source field containing another network address of the destination server.

Abstract: An originating host device in a distribution chain is provided upstream from multiple host devices including intermediary and terminating host devices. The originating host device includes a core with a generation application and a first RDMA NIC. The core: determines a plan for transferring data between the originating host device and the other host devices; and generates WQEs to implement the plan. The first RDMA NIC includes a read application, a descriptor application, and a reception application. The read application is configured such that the first RDMA NIC reads the WQEs from a first memory. The descriptor application is configured such that the first RDMA NIC: writes a portion of the WQEs directly from the first RDMA NIC to a second memory of the intermediary host device; and triggers a second RDMA NIC of the intermediary host device to process the portion of the WQEs stored in the second memory.

Abstract: Methods and systems for dynamically providing application analytic information are provided herein. The method includes inserting instrumentation points into an application file via an application analytic service and dynamically determining desired instrumentation points from which to collect application analytic data. The method also includes receiving, at the application analytic service, the application analytic data corresponding to the desired instrumentation points and analyzing the application analytic data to generate application analytic information. The method further includes sending the application analytic information to a client computing device.

Abstract: Methods and systems for dynamically providing application analytic information are provided herein. The method includes inserting instrumentation points into an application file via an application analytic service and dynamically determining desired instrumentation points from which to collect application analytic data. The method also includes receiving, at the application analytic service, the application analytic data corresponding to the desired instrumentation points and analyzing the application analytic data to generate application analytic information. The method further includes sending the application analytic information to a client computing device.

Abstract: Micro-schedulers control bandwidth allocation for clients, each client subscribing to a respective predefined portion of bandwidth of an outgoing communication link. A macro-scheduler controls the micro-schedulers, by allocating the respective subscribed portion of bandwidth associated with each respective client that is active, by a predefined first deadline, with residual bandwidth that is unused by the respective clients being shared proportionately among respective active clients by a predefined second deadline, while minimizing coordination among micro-schedulers by the macro-scheduler periodically adjusting respective bandwidth allocations to each micro-scheduler.

Abstract: Methods and systems for reducing network usage of a computing device are provided herein. The method includes receiving a network call relating to a network transfer from an application at an application programming interface of the computing device. The method also includes determining whether the network transfer is relevant to a current state of the application and procrastinating the network transfer if it is not relevant to the current state of the application.

Abstract: The claimed subject matter provides a method for operating a sleep management service. The method include identifying a set of guardians based on a local state for each of a plurality of compute nodes. The method also includes sending a wake request to all sleeping compute nodes in the identified set. The method further includes sending a request to become a guardian to all compute nodes in the identified set. Additionally, the method includes stopping a current guardian from being a guardian if the current guardian is less suitable than a threshold number of current guardians.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure are directed towards retrieving advertisements relevant to application content based upon keywords extracted from the application content. In one aspect, a client-side component scrapes application page content to obtain keywords and feature-based weights for those keywords. The keywords are sent to an advertisement server, which returns an advertisement based upon one or more of the keywords. Also described is the hashing of keywords before sending to the advertisement server to protect client privacy, and the use of a Bloom filter to avoid sending keywords to the advertisement server that do not correspond to (e.g., popular) advertisement keywords.

Abstract: Methods and systems for reducing network usage of a computing device are provided herein. The method includes receiving a network call relating to a network transfer from an application at an application programming interface of the computing device. The method also includes determining whether the network transfer is relevant to a current state of the application and procrastinating the network transfer if it is not relevant to the current state of the application.