Abstract: This disclosure provides transabdominal fetal oximetry (TFO) that uses frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy to measure time-resolved reflectance values of light signals collected from a maternal-fetal multilayer tissue structure. In various embodiments, the disclosed FMCW time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy is configured to function as an optical interferometer that uses two frequency-swept laser sources of different center wavelengths ?1 and ?2 as probe lights to detect optical property in vascular tissues of the maternal-fetal multilayer tissue structure. The FMCW near-infrared spectroscopy is configured to collect light signals returned from the multilayer structure and generate a time-resolved reflectance curve based on the collected light signals.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a diagnostic kit for assaying a cell presenting specific surface specific antigen, comprising: a first complex, comprising a magnetic bead coated with a first ligand specific to the specific cell surface antigen; a second complex, comprising a second ligand specific to the common cell surface antigen and a signal generation means; and a magnetic support. The kit can be used for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of a cell sample containing specific cell surface antigen.