Abstract: Disclosed are methods of measuring the amount of exposure of a host to a DNA double-stranded break (DSB)-causing agent by determining the ratio of the quantity of ?-H2AX to the quantity of total H2AX in a biological sample from the host as compared to the ratio of the quantity of ?-H2AX to the quantity of total H2AX in a positive control biological sample that has been exposed to a known amount of a DSB-causing agent. Related kits and methods of quantifying DSBs in a test biological sample are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of measuring the amount of exposure of a host to a DNA double-stranded break (DSB)-causing agent by determining the ratio of the quantity of ?-H2AX to the quantity of total H2AX in a biological sample from the host as compared to the ratio of the quantity of ?-H2AX to the quantity of total H2AX in a positive control biological sample that has been exposed to a known amount of a DSB-causing agent. Related kits and methods of quantifying DSBs in a test biological sample are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a capture assay to simultaneously screen for HBV, HCV and HIV nucleic acids in samples such as plasma. The nucleic acids including both viral DNA and RNA are purified from the plasma samples in a single extraction procedure. In one embodiment, a mixture of degenerate biotin-labelled PCR primers specific for the HBV, HCV, HIV-1 type M and HIV-1 type O are used to amplify any of these viruses which may be present in plasma. Amplified products are captured by hybridization to immobilized capture sequence, and thereafter detected. An internal control vector containing a synthetic fragment flanked by sequences corresponding to the HBV primers was designed to monitor sample recovery during extraction, amplification and detection. All major subtypes of HBV, HCV and HIV including HIV-1 type O have been confirmed and detected by the assay.