Abstract: A vehicle includes a pair of inverters coupled with an electric machine having a rotor. The vehicle includes a controller configured to alter pulse width modulation signals for the commands based on a back electromotive force estimate associated with the commands becoming different to reduce the amount. The alteration is responsive to voltage commands of respective phases of the pair becoming different while a target rotor speed associated with the commands differs from an actual rotor speed by an amount.

Abstract: A vehicle includes an electric machine. The vehicle includes a controller configured to repeatedly adjust power outputs for the two inverters so that they differ to drive the difference toward zero and such that power provided to the electric machine satisfies demand until the difference falls below a second predetermined threshold. The controller may be configured to adjust responsive to a temperature difference between two inverters associated with the electric machine exceeding a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: An electric machine assembly for a vehicle is provided. The electric machine is in operational communication with a traction battery and includes a stator core defining a cavity and a rotor disposed within the cavity having an inner region defined by sets of triangle-shaped holes tessellated about respective central regions to form a truss structure such that the holes of the truss structure, during operational rotation, do not influence magnetic flux paths generated by magnets of the rotor. The rotor may have a strain energy value less than or equal to 16,100 Joules. The truss structure may include pairs of symmetrical portions each including segments arranged with adjacent rotor portions to define the triangle-shaped holes.

Abstract: An electric machine is configured with at least two sets of phase windings. A plurality of power switches is configured to selectively couple voltage terminals to each of the phase windings. A controller is programmed to operate the power switches according to a switching pattern, for each of the sets, updated at intervals defined by a switching frequency such that the switching patterns are different during each one of the intervals.

Abstract: An electric motor/generator includes a stator-core enclosing a rotor-core, which are each formed from stacked annular laminates. The stator-core laminates are configured to reduce vibration, and each have teeth extending radially inward from a root of an annular stator yoke/back-iron, to a flux-cap. Each tooth is formed to have opposite, lateral-edges spaced a distance-apart that changes between the root to the flux-cap, to establish a variable tooth-stiffness and a predetermined mechanical-resonance of the tooth. The opposite lateral-edges may each be configured with either a linear or a non-linear, curved edge-profile, and to have the variable tooth-stiffness and the lateral-edge distance-apart changing or decreasing between the root and the flux-cap. Each tooth may also have an edge-profile that is different from at least one adjacent tooth, and which is configured with a variable tooth-stiffness and a predetermined mechanical resonance that is different from the at least one adjacent tooth.

Abstract: A powertrain for a vehicle includes and electric machine and a plurality of inverters. The electric machine may include a stator defining a plurality of stator teeth separated by slots that are configured to accept windings. The plurality of inverters may each be configured to exclusively drive a current in some but not all of the windings within slots such that some of the plurality of stator teeth within a sector of the stator are configured to be energized by only one of the inverters.

Abstract: An electric machine is configured with at least two sets of phase windings. A plurality of power switches is configured to selectively couple voltage terminals to each of the phase windings. A controller is programmed to operate the power switches according to a switching pattern, for each of the sets, updated at intervals defined by a switching frequency such that the switching patterns are different during each one of the intervals.

Abstract: A powertrain for a vehicle includes and electric machine and a plurality of inverters. The electric machine may include a stator defining a plurality of stator teeth separated by slots that are configured to accept windings. The plurality of inverters may each be configured to exclusively drive a current in some but not all of the windings within slots such that some of the plurality of stator teeth within a sector of the stator are configured to be energized by only one of the inverters.

Abstract: A vehicle powertrain includes an inverter coupled with an electric machine and a controller. The controller may be configured to dither a base frequency of a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal, by less than an amount that is based on a rotational speed of the machine and the base frequency, to operate the inverter such that energy at sidebands and harmonics of the base frequency are reduced by distributing the energy to reduce audible vibrations of the powertrain.

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle may include a battery coupled to a converter to provide power to a generator and motor via the converter, and a controller programmed to select one of a battery voltage supplied by the battery and an boosted or updated voltage converted by the converter to meet a torque demand of the generator or motor and having the lower energy loss associated therewith, wherein the boosted voltage is iteratively selected to minimize energy loss.

Abstract: A multi-level converter includes a first multi-phase inverter and a second multi-phase inverter. The first multi-phase inverter includes a first direct current (DC) positive line, a first DC negative line, and a first plurality of alternating current (AC) lines. Each AC line of the first plurality of AC lines is configured to be connected to a single phase winding of an electric machine. Each single phase winding is connected to a common neutral connector in a Y-winding configuration or between a pair of single phase windings in a ?-winding configuration. The second multi-phase inverter includes a second DC positive line, a second DC negative line, and a second plurality of AC lines and is connected in a similar manner to the first multi-phase inverter. The first DC negative line is electrically coupled to the second DC positive line to connect the first multi-phase inverter and the second multi-phase inverter in series.

Abstract: At least one example embodiment discloses a drive system including a motor including a rotor, the motor configured to receive a measured current, a controller configured to generate a voltage for the motor at a stationary reference frame, the voltage having a frequency and the measured current being based on the voltage, a filter configured to obtain position information of the rotor based on the measured current and a nonlinear observer configured to estimate a rotor position of the motor during the stationary reference frame based on the position information. The controller is configured to control the motor based at least in part on the estimated rotor position.

Abstract: At least one example embodiment discloses a drive system including a motor including a rotor, the motor configured to receive a measured current, a controller configured to generate a voltage for the motor at a stationary reference frame, the voltage having a frequency and the measured current being based on the voltage, a filter configured to obtain position information of the rotor based on the measured current and a nonlinear observer configured to estimate a rotor position of the motor during the stationary reference frame based on the position information. The controller is configured to control the motor based at least in part on the estimated rotor position.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of pharmaceutics and clinical pharmacy, involving the preparation method and application of a cyclic peptide containing Argnine-Glycine-Aspartate sequence and its active targeting liposomes. The cyclic peptide described here meets the requirement for ligand in that it forms ring by amide linkage with stable sterical structure, it shows low propensity to degrade, and it carries an active hydrosulfide group which is easy to modify carriers. The artificially synthesized peptide, which has a small molecular weight and low propensity to cause immune response, can be used as the ligand to bind with the integrin on the surface of HSC. The active targeting liposome established with the cyclic peptide realized cell-targeted therapy of experimental hepatic fibrosis via receptor-mediated pathway.