Abstract: Described herein is a nanoparticle system including a multivalent nanoparticle core having a plurality of immune checkpoint inhibitors conjugated thereto. Also included are pharmaceutical compositions and methods of making the nanoparticle system. Further included are immunotherapy methods including administering the nanoparticle system to a subject in need thereof, such as a human cancer patient.

Abstract: A particle arranging device includes a chamber including a first input/output portion and a second input/output portion and providing a space through which a fluid containing particles flows, at least one capturing structure provided in the chamber to form a fluidic channel through which the fluid flows and having a gate portion adapted to allow the particle in the fluid to enter the capturing structure through the gate portion and a receiving portion adapted to receive the particle entering through the gate portion, a deformable membrane structure provided in the gate portion of the capturing structure and configured to actuate to control the number of the particles to enter the capturing structure through the gate portion, and a membrane control portion configured to apply a pressure to the deformable membrane structure.

Abstract: A cell fusion device includes a chamber including a first input/output portion and a second input/output portion and providing a space through a fluid containing cells flows, at least one cell fusion structure provided in the chamber to form a fluidic channel through which the fluid flows and having a capturing portion adapted to capture the cell in the fluid and a fusion portion connected to the capturing portion and provide a space for fusing at least two cells trapped by the capturing portion and moved into the fusion portion in orders, a deformable membrane structure provided in the capturing portion of the cell fusion structure and configured to actuate to change a cross-sectional area of the fluidic channel of the capturing portion and to selectively capture the cell, and a membrane control portion configured to apply a pressure to the deformable membrane structure.