Abstract: Method and apparatus for detecting and differentiating neurotransmitters using ultraviolet plasmonic-engineered native fluorescence. In one example, the method includes determining a photobleaching rate constant of a neurotransmitter-containing analyte loaded onto a plasmonic-engineered biosensor and subjected to illumination by ultraviolet light. The method further includes submitting a query containing the determined rate constant to a database including calibration data representing a plurality of different neurotransmitters and a plurality of different biosensors. In at least some examples, the queried database returns a response indicating one or more of a predicted identity of the neurotransmitter together with a corresponding confidence score, an estimated amount of the neurotransmitter in the analyte, and an estimated percentage of the neurotransmitter relative to another neurotransmitter in the analyte.

Abstract: A receiver includes an amplification block supporting carrier aggregation (CA). The amplification block includes a first amplifier circuit configured to receive a radio frequency (RF) input signal at a block node from an outside source, amplify the RF input signal, and output the amplified RF input signal as a first RF output signal. The first amplifier circuit includes a first amplifier configured to receive the RF input signal through a first input node to amplify the RF input signal, and a first feedback circuit coupled between the first input node and a first internal amplification node of the first amplifier to provide feedback to the first amplifier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing a DNA library derived from FFPE tissue using endonucleases, and the majority of general clinical samples are FFPE tissues and in case of old FFPE tissues, DNA library preparation often fails and NGS analysis becomes difficult and therefore there is a desperate need to overcome these problems. S1 nucleases are enzymes which specifically cleave only single-stranded DNA and in almost all FFPEs, there is a nick in the dsDNA everywhere, which can be the target of S1 nucleases. In the process of extracting gDNA from FFPE tissues, since when S1 nucleases are treated and eluted under appropriate conditions during elution, a DNA fragment can be obtained with DNA having a size suitable for DNA library preparation together with the DNA extraction, the Covaris fragmentation process can be omitted and cost and time can be reduced.

Abstract: Nonvolatile memory device includes memory cell region including a first metal pad and a second metal pad, peripheral circuit region including a third metal pad and a fourth metal pad, vertically connected to the memory cell region. The nonvolatile memory device includes a page buffer circuit including page buffers to sense data from selected memory cells, each including two sequential sensing operations to determine one data state, and each of the page buffers including a latch to sequentially store results of the two sequential sensing operations. The nonvolatile memory device includes control circuit in the peripheral circuit region, to control the page buffers to store result of the first read operation, reset the latches after completion of the first read operation, and control the page buffers to perform the second read operation based on a valley determined based on the result of the first read operation.