Abstract: An apparatus (and a method of making an apparatus) that includes a flexible functional material. The flexible functional material includes nano-particle layer(s) and linking agent layer(s). The nano-particle layer(s) are bonded to the linking agent layer(s). The nano-particle layer(s) and/or linking agent layer(s) are deposited by being sprayed. Since nano-particle layer(s) and/or linking agent layer(s) may be deposited by being sprayed, a flexible functional material may be easily formed on structures (e.g. such as external aircraft parts) to create a conductive surface. Through spraying, deposition may be efficient and effective and allow for implementations which are impractical and/or not possible with bulk metal materials.