Abstract: The present disclosure provides a compound eye-based in-situ monitoring unit, a micro-adjustment unit, and a multi-spectral imaging system thereof. The compound eye-based in-situ monitoring unit includes a spherical installation cover and an imaging assembly disposed on the spherical installation cover, where the spherical installation cover is provided with a spherical grid array, the spherical grid array includes 20 installation points (five rows and four columns), one imaging assembly is installed on each installation point, the imaging assemblies include a charge coupled device (CCD) optical digital camera assembly, a digital image correlation (DIC) light source assembly, an infrared (IR) spectrum assembly, a Raman spectrum assembly, and a terahertz light source assembly.