Abstract: Techniques are described herein for automated bone mineral density and fracture risk assessment from digital X-rays. A method includes: obtaining image data including information relating to cortical bone tissue of at least a part of a first bone; preprocessing the image data, by isolating a region of interest in the image data, to generate preprocessed image data; applying the preprocessed image data as inputs across a trained machine learning model to generate output indicative of bone mineral density of the first bone; determining a T-score value based on the bone mineral density of the first bone; and providing, on a user interface, an output based on the T-score value.