Abstract: A pulse signal multiplier for the provision of a secondary pulse signal without retroactive effect from a primary pulse signal of a pulse signal generator, in particular for the multiplication of speed sensor signals for use in train protection systems, includes an input circuit which taps off the primary pulse signal via a shielded branch signal line, an output circuit which receives the signal transmitted via the potential barrier, and an optical signal transmission path bridging the potential barrier between the input circuit and the output circuit.

Abstract: A method for detecting a rotation and a direction of a rotation of a rotor, on which at least one damping element is positioned, wherein two sensors are arranged. The sensors are damped depending on a position of the damping element. After a standardization has been performed, the measurements are taken by observing consecutive rotational angle positions and then standardization rules are applied to the measured decay times of the sensors. Then a vector, which is entered into a coordinate system, is formed from the values. The present vector angle is determined and compared to the value of a suitable prior vector angle. From the result of the comparison, it is determined whether the rotor has performed a rotation and whether the rotation was forward or backward. By repeating the measurements in the rhythm of the scanning frequency, the rotational motions of the rotor can be detected with high accuracy.

Abstract: A method for detecting a rotation and a direction of a rotation of a rotor, on which at least one damping element is positioned, wherein two sensors are arranged. The sensors are damped depending on a position of the damping element. After a standardization has been performed, the measurements are taken by observing consecutive rotational angle positions and then standardization rules are applied to the measured decay times of the sensors. Then a vector, which is entered into a coordinate system, is formed from the values. The present vector angle is determined and compared to the value of a suitable prior vector angle. From the result of the comparison, it is determined whether the rotor has performed a rotation and whether the rotation was forward or backward. By repeating the measurements in the rhythm of the scanning frequency, the rotational motions of the rotor can be detected with high accuracy.

Abstract: In a focus detector arrangement and method for an x-ray apparatus for generating projection or tomographic phase-contrast images of an examination subject, a beam of coherent x-rays is generated by an anode that has areas of different radiation emission characteristics arranged in bands thereon, that proceed parallel to grid lines of a phase grid that is used to generate the phase-contrast images.

Abstract: A method and a measurement system are disclosed for the noninvasive determination of properties of an object to be examined and to the use of a contrast medium for X-ray phase-contrast measurement. in at least one embodiment of the invention, a mixture (suspension) consisting of a base liquid and a multiplicity of particles contained therein is used, the refractive index of the base liquid being different to the refractive index of the particles.

Abstract: An X-ray optical transmission grating of a focus-detector arrangement of an X-ray apparatus is disclosed, for generating projective or tomographic phase contrast recordings of a subject. In at least one embodiment, the grating includes a multiplicity of grating bars and grating gaps arranged periodically on at least one surface of at least one wafer, wherein the X-ray optical transmission grating includes at least two sub-gratings arranged in direct succession in the beam direction.

Abstract: A focus-detector arrangement of an X-ray apparatus is disclosed for generating projective or tomographic phase contrast recordings with a phase grating. According to at least one embodiment of the invention, in the gaps between its bars, the phase grating includes a filler material whose linear attenuation coefficient in the relevant energy range is greater than that of the bars. The height of the filler material in the gaps is dimensioned on the one hand so that the X-radiation with the energy used for measuring the phase shift generates a phase shift in the X-radiation such that, after the phase grating, the rays which pass through the bars are phase shifted by one half wavelength relative to the rays which pass through the gaps with the filler material.

Abstract: In a focus detector arrangement and method for an x-ray apparatus for generating projection or tomographic phase-contrast images of an examination subject, a beam of coherent x-rays is generated by an anode that has areas of different radiation emission characteristics arranged in bands thereon, that proceed parallel to grid lines of a phase grid that is used to generate the phase-contrast images.

Abstract: Feedbacks in hearing aids are to be attenuated and avoided in a cost-effective and efficient manner. The invention thus proposes producing a hearing aid component at least partially from a material comprising a plurality of Helmholtz resonators (8). An otoplastic (2) can be produced from a material of this type for example, thus enabling high frequency sound which leaks out of a ventilation bore (5) in the otoplastic (2) and which leads to feedback, to be attenuated in the otoplastic (2).

Abstract: The induction thermography test stand has at least two inductors arranged angled relative to one another, at least in sections, and at least one alternating current source for powering the inductors with alternating currents which differ in terms of their frequency and/or phase such that a current with a temporally changing direction can be induced in a test module. With a method for determining flaws in test modules using induction thermography, a current with a temporally changing direction is induced in the test module.

Abstract: A hand-held thermography system (8). A generator (10) supplies current to a transformer (15) in a handle (16). An induction coil (20) connected to the transformer (15) extends from the handle (16). The induction coil (20) induces eddy currents in a test object (50), producing a thermal topography on a surface (52) of the object (50) that reveals structural features including defects in the object. An infrared camera (24) mounted on the transformer (16) digitizes images of the thermal topography. A controller (12) processes the images, displays them on a monitor (14), and stores them in a digital memory (11) for evaluation. Digitized positional data relating the position of the image to the surface may also be stored. An operator (40) presses a trigger (17), signaling the controller (12) to start current to the induction coil (20) and simultaneously to acquire and process one or more images from the camera (24).

Abstract: A focus-detector arrangement includes a radiation source with a focus, arranged on a first side of the subject, for generating a fan-shaped or conical beam of rays; at least one X-ray optical grating arranged in the beam path, with at least one phase grating arranged on the opposite second side of the subject in the beam path generating an interference pattern of the X-radiation preferably, in a particular energy range; and an analysis-detector system which detects at least the interference pattern generated by the phase grating in respect of its phase shift with position resolution. According to at least one embodiment of the invention, at least one X-ray optical grating including bars which are free from overhangs form shadows in the beam path of the fan-shaped or conical beam of rays.

Abstract: A method and a measurement system are disclosed for the noninvasive determination of properties of an object to be examined and to the use of a contrast medium for X-ray phase-contrast measurement. in at least one embodiment of the invention, a mixture (suspension) consisting of a base liquid and a multiplicity of particles contained therein is used, the refractive index of the base liquid being different to the refractive index of the particles.

Abstract: A cerumen protection system is to be held more securely in an earpiece of a hearing apparatus which can be worn in the ear. In particular, this is to be able to be ensured for the earpiece piece of an external receiver of a behind-the-ear hearing device. An earpiece with a sound exit opening and a cerumen protection facility which has an annular carrier and which is arranged in the sound exit opening, is provided, with the earpiece being manufactured from a rubbery-elastic material. A securing ring is also provided, which surrounds the sound exit opening, the inner diameter of which is smaller than the outer diameter of the carrier of the cerumen protection facility, which is less elastic than the earpiece and is fixedly integrated in the earpiece. The sound exit opening is thus reinforced so that the cerumen protection facility is not able to slide out thereof.

Abstract: A focus-detector arrangement of an X-ray apparatus is disclosed, for generating projective or tomographic phase contrast recordings of a subject. In at least one embodiment, least one grating of a focus-detector arrangement includes, at least partially, a macroscopically homogeneous medium which, when excited by an energy source, assumes a periodic structure/standing wave field that leads to beam splitting and the formation of an interference pattern when the X-ray beam passes through.

Abstract: A method and a measuring arrangement are disclosed for nondestructive analysis of an examination object. In at least one embodiment of the method, x-radiation having a specific energy spectrum is generated by an x-ray source, with the aid of at least one x-ray/optical grating in the beam path of the x-radiation there is generated a standing wave field of this x-radiation that is positioned at least partially in the examination object, and the radiation excited by the x-ray standing wave field in the examination object is measured as a function of at least one relative position between the examination object and the x-ray standing wave field. Further, a material distribution in the examination object is inferred from the measurement result of the radiation excited by the x-ray standing wave field.

Abstract: A focus-detector arrangement of an X-ray apparatus is disclosed for generating projective or tomographic phase contrast recordings of an observed region of a subject. In at least one embodiment, the arrangement includes a radiation source which emits a coherent or quasi-coherent X-radiation and irradiates the subject, a phase grating which is arranged behind the subject in the beam path of the radiation source and generates an interference pattern of the X-radiation in a predetermined energy range, and an analysis-detector system which detects at least the interference pattern generated by the phase grating in respect of its phase shift with position resolution. Further, the beam path of the X-radiation used diverges in at least one plane between the focus and the detector.

Abstract: A hand-held thermography system (8). A generator (10) supplies current to a transformer (15) in a handle (16). An induction coil (20) connected to the transformer (15) extends from the handle (16). The induction coil (20) induces eddy currents in a test object (50), producing a thermal topography on a surface (52) of the object (50) that reveals structural features including defects in the object. An infrared camera (24) mounted on the transformer (16) digitizes images of the thermal topography. A controller (12) processes the images, displays them on a monitor (14), and stores them in a digital memory (11) for evaluation. Digitized positional data relating the position of the image to the surface may also be stored. An operator (40) presses a trigger (17), signaling the controller (12) to start current to the induction coil (20) and simultaneously to acquire and process one or more images from the camera (24).

Abstract: A method and a measuring arrangement are disclosed for nondestructive analysis of an examination object. In at least one embodiment of the method, x-radiation having a specific energy spectrum is generated by an x-ray source, with the aid of at least one x-ray/optical grating in the beam path of the x-radiation there is generated a standing wave field of this x-radiation that is positioned at least partially in the examination object, and the radiation excited by the x-ray standing wave field in the examination object is measured as a function of at least one relative position between the examination object and the x-ray standing wave field. Further, a material distribution in the examination object is inferred from the measurement result of the radiation excited by the x-ray standing wave field.

Abstract: A focus-detector arrangement of an X-ray apparatus is disclosed for generating projective or tomographic phase contrast recordings with a phase grating. According to at least one embodiment of the invention, in the gaps between its bars, the phase grating includes a filler material whose linear attenuation coefficient in the relevant energy range is greater than that of the bars. The height of the filler material in the gaps is dimensioned on the one hand so that the X-radiation with the energy used for measuring the phase shift generates a phase shift in the X-radiation such that, after the phase grating, the rays which pass through the bars are phase shifted by one half wavelength relative to the rays which pass through the gaps with the filler material.