Abstract: The invention relates to acyl-(2'-hydroxydiphenyl-2-yl)-phosphinic acid salts of formula (I) ##STR1## in which each of the radicals R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be included singly or multiply and in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are mutually independently hydrogen, an alkyl or alkoxy radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms or halogen with an atomic number of 9 to 35; R.sup.3 means the same as R.sup.1 or R.sup.2 ; Ar is an aromatic hydrocarbon radical with 6 to 10 carbon atoms; and Me is a cation of at least one alkaline metal or N(R.sup.4).sub.4 + in which the radicals R.sup.4 are the same or different and stand for an alkyl radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The invention also relates to a process for producing these compounds (I) and their use as photoinitiators in photopolymerisable materials, preferably on an aqueous basis.

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive mixture is disclosed which contains as essential constituentsa) at least one thermoplastic, elastomeric block copolymer of the formulae(A-B).sub.m -A, (B-A).sub.m+a -B, (A-B).sub.m+1 or (A-B).sub.o Y,in whichA is a thermoplastic, nonelastomeric polymer block having a glass transition temperature of 25.degree. C. or above andB is an elastomeric polymer block having a glass transition temperature of 10.degree. C. or below,Y is Sn or Si,m is an integer from 1 to 10, ando is 2 if y is Sn, or 4 if y is Si,b) at least one ethylenically polyunsaturated compound, andc) a photopolymerization initiator,wherein at least one of the ethylenically polyunsaturated compounds corresponds to the formula I ##STR1## where R is a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical,X is a straight-chain alkylene or cycloalkylene, it being possible for individual methylene groups to be substituted by --O--, --S--, carbonyl or carbonyloxy groups, and n is 1 to 5.

Abstract: A photocurable elastomeric mixture is described which comprises a compound which contains at least one terminal ethylenically unsaturated group and is polymerizable by free radical polymerization, a photopolymerization initiator and, as binder, a graft polymer which is soluble or dispersible in water or an aqueous solution, the graft base of which is a polymer of diol components and diisocyanate components having at least 2 urethane groups in the molecule, onto which polymer carboxylic acid vinyl ester units having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or their saponification products, are grafted. The mixture is suitable for the production of relief printing plates, in particular flexographic printing plates, and can be developed with water or aqueous solutions.

Abstract: The invention describes a graft polymer based on a graft base which contains a polymer comprising diol components and diisocyanate components which has at least two urethane groups in the molecule, onto which graft base have been grafted polymer chains comprising units of vinyl esters of carboxylic acids, having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and/or hydrolysis products thereof, and optionally units of other ethylenically unsaturated monomers or hydrolysis products thereof and which are additionally esterified in the melt in homogeneous phase with an acylating reagent, in particular with carboxylic anhydrides. The product is insoluble in water, but soluble in aqueous alcohol solution and can be used as a binder in light-curable mixtures for the preparation of relief printing plates. Also described is a process for the preparation of the graft polymers mentioned above, in which on catalyst is used and consequently a colorless product results. The product is obtained from the homogeneous phase.

Abstract: A continuous process for the manufacture of photopolymer plates having a precise and constant thickness in which the components of the photopolymer layer are melted in a screw extruder, the melt is conveyed to the sheet die by means of a gear pump and then into a roll gap of a calender, wherein the melt leaving the sheet die does not form a rotating bead in the calender gap downstream therefrom. The photopolymer plates prepared in this manner have high homogeneity of the components of the photopolymerizable mixture, have a highly precise and constant thickness, are transparent, do not tend to form specks and guarantee a long shelf life.

Abstract: The invention relates 6-acyl-(6H)-dibenz[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphorine-6-oxides of the formula ##STR1## wherein each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be present one or more times and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represent halogen having an atomic number of from 9 to 35, alkyl or alkoxy each having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and wherein Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms.The invention further relates to a process for the preparation of the afore-mentioned compounds and polymerizable compositions containing them as an essential ingredient as a photo-initiator. Finally the invention relates to 6-alkoxy-(6H)-dibenz[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphorin of the formula II ##STR2## wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be present once or more times and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent halogen having an atomic number of from 9 to 35, alkyl or alkoxy each having from 1 to 6 carbom atoms, at least one R.sup.1 being, however, halogen, and wherein R.sup.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.1', R.sup.2, A and n are as defined in the description, a process for their preparation, their use and also hydrogels prepared using them.

Abstract: Alkenylphosphonic and -phosphinic acid esters of 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)alkanes and of 2,2-bis-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol are useful as cross-linking agents in polymeric hydrogels.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable mixture is described comprising (a) a polymeric binder, (b) an acrylate or alkacrylate of a polyhydric alcohol, said compound being free of urethane groups and further comprising at least one group which is photooxidizable on exposure to actinic radiation in the presence of a photoreducible dye, (c) a photoinitiator comprising a photoreducible dye, (d) a second photoinitiator comprising a trihalomethyl compound capable of being cleaved by irradiation, and (e) a third photoinitiator comprising an acridine, phenazine or quinoxaline compound. The mixture is suitable for the production of printing plates and photoresists and displays increased photosensitivity.

Abstract: Esters of dihydric alcohols with alkenylphosphonic or alkenylphosphinic acids which are polymerizable by free radicals are described. They are combined with polymer binders, in particular water-soluble polymers, and photoinitiators forming free radicals to give photopolymerizable mixtures which are suitable for the production of photoresists and printing plates. The mixtures display low heat-sensitivity and have long shelf lives.

Abstract: A photocurable elastomeric mixture is described which contains a photopolymerization initiator; as binder, a graft polymer which is soluble or dispersible in water or an aqueous solution, the graft backbone of which is a polymer of diol components and diisocyanate components having at least 2 urethane groups in the molecule, onto which polymer chains of units of carboxylic acid vinyl esters having about 3 to 20 carbon atoms or their saponification products and optionally of further ethylenically unsaturated monomers or their saponification products are grafted; and at least one compound which is polymerizable by a free-radical polymerization and corresponds to the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 denotes hydrogen or alkyl,X denotes ethylene or propylene,R.sub.2 denotes alkyl andn is a number from 1 to 4.

Abstract: The invention relates 6-acyl-(6H)-dibenz[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphorin-6-oxides of the formula ##STR1## wherein each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be present one or more times and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represent halogen having an atomic number of from 9 to 35, alkyl or alkoxy each having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and wherein Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms.The invention further relates to a process for the preparation of the afore-mentioned compounds and polymerizable compositions containing them as an essential ingredient as a photo-initiator. Finally the invention relates to 6-alkoxy-(6H)-dibenz[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphorin of the formula II ##STR2## wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be present once or more times and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent halogen having an atomic number of from 9 to 35, alkyl or alkoxy each having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, at least one R.sup.1 being, however, halogen and wherein R.sup.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## are described in which Q denotes ##STR2## R denotes alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or aryl, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 denote H, alkyl or alkoxyalkyl,R.sup.3 denotes H, methyl or ethyl,D.sup.1 and D.sup.2 denote saturated hydrocarbon groups,E denotes alkylene, cycloalkylene, arylene, saturated or unsaturated heteroyls or a group of the formula II ##STR3## a and b denote integers from 1 to 4. c denotes an integer from 1 to 3,m denotes 2, 3 or 4, depending on the valency of Q, andn denotes an integer from 1 to m, where all radicals of the same definition may be identical to or different from one another.The compounds are suitable as polymerizable compounds for photopolymerizable mixtures and are distinguished by ready polymerizability in combination with photoinitiators and long shelf lives in the layer.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable mixture is described comprising (a) a polymeric binder, (b) an acrylate or alkacrylate of a polyhydric alcohol, said compound comprising at least one group which is photooxidizable on exposure to actinic radiation in the presence of a photoreduciable dye, (c) a photoinitiator comprising a photoreducible benzoxanthene or benzothioxanthene dye, and (d) a second photoinitiator comprising a trihalomethyl compound capable of being cleaved by irradiation. The mixture is suitable for the production of printing plates and photoresists and displays increased photosensitivity.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable composition is described comprising (a) a polymeric binder, (b) an acrylate or alkacrylate of a polyhydric alcohol, said acrylate or alkacrylate being free of urethane groups and further comprising at least one group which is photooxidizable on exposure to actinic radiation in the presence of a photoreducible dye, (c) a photoinitiator comprising a photoreducible dye, and (d) a second photoinitiator comprising a trihalomethyl compound capable of being cleaved by irradiation. The composition is suitable for production of printing plates and photoresists and displays increased photosensitivity.

Abstract: Esters of trihydric or tetrahydric alcohols with alkenylphosphonic or -phosphinic acids, which can be polymerized by means of actinic light, are disclosed. They are combined with polymeric binders, in particular water-soluble polymers, and free-radical-forming photoinitiators to form photopolymerizable mixtures which are suitable for the preparation of photoresists and the production of printing plates. The mixtures show reduced temperature sensitivity and have long shelf lives.

Abstract: Alkenylphosphonic and -phosphinic acid esters of 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)alkanes and of 2,2-bis-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol are useful as cross-linking agents in polymeric hydrogels.

Abstract: A photosensitive printing plate for waterless offset printing is described which comprises a support, a photosensitive layer and an overlying, printing ink-repellent silicone rubber layer. The photosensitive layer contains a diazonium salt polycondensation product, a compound which can be polymerized by means of free radicals, preferably a (meth)acrylate, a photopolymerization initiator and optionally a binder. The printing plate has higher photosensitivity than corresponding plates whose photosensitive layer contains only a photopolymerizable mixture or only a diazonium salt polycondensation product.