Abstract: Products of mineral wool, in particular monolayer and multilayer products of rock wool, are manufactured wherein the mineral wool material of a primary mat is mechanically comminuted by a combined beating and cutting process into mineral wool flakes of a predetermined size and subsequently recombined for forming a final mat. By such a treatment of the mineral wool material, practically any inhomogeneities and imperfections in the primary mat are eliminated, i.e., they are not present any more in the final mat. The process of the invention thus results in the final mat in products having a three-dimensional, isotropic fiber structure, which brings about a noticeable economy in the bulk density, at an at least equivalent quality in comparison with conventional crimped products.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing products of mineral wool, in particular monolayer and multilayer products of rock wool, wherein the mineral wool material of a primary mat (2, 2?) is mechanically comminuted by a combined beating and cutting process into mineral wool flakes (9) of a predetermined size and subsequently recombined for forming a final mat (4). By means of such a treatment of the mineral wool material, practically any inhomogeneities and imperfections in the primary mat (2, 2?) are eliminated, i.e., they are not present any more in the final mat (4). The process of the invention thus results in the final mat (4) in products having a three-dimensional, isotropic fiber structure, which brings about a noticeable economy in the bulk density, at an at least equivalent quality in comparison with conventional crimped products.

Abstract: An apparatus for defibrating optically dense glass melts, such as a glass melt from basalt by the jet process, is proposed which is equipped with a feeding mechanism (1) for the melt and defibrating aggregates (2), the feeding mechanism (1) having a feed channel (3) and a subsequent distributing channel (4) with outlet ports (5) to the defibrating aggregates (2). To homogenize the glass temperature in the area before the defibrating aggregates (2) the feed channel (3) has on the bottom side at least in the area adjacent the distributing channel (4) a warming device (8) serving as a thermal barrier or active insulation and advantageously formed as an electric resistance heating device.

Abstract: The objective is to provide a process and an apparatus for the continuous production of mineral wool nonwovens, by means of which a stable flow pattern is created in the chute, thus facilitating a clearly defined, homogeneous layer of deposited mineral wool.According to the invention, at least one backflow region (24, 25) is generated in the chute (9) outside the fibre flow (23), which backflow region (24, 25) is sufficient for such a large-volume backflow with such a low mean velocity that appreciable upward fibre transport is avoided. In this connection, a portion (32) of the process air entrained with the fibre flow is deflected upward in the backflow, and another portion (34) of the process air is extracted.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the continuous production of mineral wool nonwovens in which the objective is to provide a process and an apparatus for the continuous production of mineral wool nonwovens, by means of which a stable flow pattern is created in the chute, thus facilitating a clearly defined, homogeneous layer of deposited mineral wool in which at least one backflow region (24, 25) is generated in the chute (9) outside the fibre flow (23), which backflow region (24, 25) is sufficient for such a large-volume backflow with such a low mean velocity that appreciable upward fibre transport is avoided. In this connection, a portion (32) of the process air entrained with the fibre flow is deflected upward in the backflow, and another portion (34) of the process air is extracted.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a surface element in the form of a lamellar mat or sheet which can be used for the absorption of electromagnetic waves, in particularly radar waves. The surface element has a plurality of bands of mineral wool separated by bands of an electrically-conducting material and is manufactured on an industrial scale by stacking several mineral wool strips, sheets, or mats with intermediate layers of the electrically-conducting strips, sheets or mats into a pile. From this pile are then cut out pads composed of different bands which are laid out in such way that their cut faces become the large surface areas of the surface element. Then, each of the surface elements is clad on at least one face with a backing strip, for example of meshed aluminum foil, the main orientation of the fibers of the mineral wool being perpendicular to the backing strip.

Abstract: In the continuous production of mineral wool nonwoven fabrics, fiber/gas/air mixtures (3, 4) produced by several shredding units (14 to 17) are directed onto collecting conveyor units (19, 21) with suction surfaces (c, d) running in a curve and being under suction pressure for the formation of a wool nonwoven fabric (25). In this case the arrangement is such that an imaginary suction surface, increasing in its size in the conveying direction, is assigned to each fiber/gas/air mixture formed by the individual shredding units (14 to 17), actually d is larger than c. As a result it is possible, in a space-saving method of construction and per collecting conveyor unit to produce mineral wool nonwoven fabrics from rock wool with constant suction pressure with bulk densities even under 25 kg/m.sup.3 in good product quality. By series connection of several units or an oscillating deposit of an individual nonwoven fabric multilayer felt webs can further be formed.

Abstract: In an unraveling facility according to the blast drawing process a subsonic diffuser (11) is arranged following the blast pipe (6). The subsonic diffuser (11) is designed as a thrust diffuser with a sudden cross-sectional widening of its flow border in order to form several stages (13, 14, 15). In this way, a larger median expansion angle (.alpha.) can be chosen without risking detrimental detachment of the main flow than is possible with subsonic diffusers having a continuous flow border. Furthermore, the whirls formed under setoff levels prevent the fiber parts from coming into direct contact with the walls, so that a considerably reduced bead content results in combination with the strong flow expansion and ensuing reduction of mutual contact and penetration of fiber parts. The diameter distribution of the fibers is smoothed out, since speed distribution, which exhibits strong border stress when it emerges from the drawing gap (8), is smoothed out quicker due to the energy consumed by the whirls.