Abstract: A switching apparatus electrically connects an electrical load to an energy source and contains a main current path which has a switching unit with a circuit breaker, via which the electrical load is connected to the energy source in a supply mode. An auxiliary current path is connected in parallel with the main current path and in which a first switch is arranged. A disconnection mode is performed in which the circuit breaker is open and the electrical load is connected only to the auxiliary current path to reduce electrical energy stored inside the electrical load. A diagnostic mode is also provided, in which the switching unit is open and the electrical load is connected to the energy source only via the auxiliary current path to supply the electrical load. A control unit for activating the diagnostic mode is also provided.

Abstract: A switching apparatus electrically connects an electrical load to an energy source and contains a main current path which has a switching unit with a circuit breaker, via which the electrical load is connected to the energy source in a supply mode. An auxiliary current path is connected in parallel with the main current path and in which a first switch is arranged. A disconnection mode is performed in which the circuit breaker is open and the electrical load is connected only to the auxiliary current path to reduce electrical energy stored inside the electrical load. A diagnostic mode is also provided, in which the switching unit is open and the electrical load is connected to the energy source only via the auxiliary current path to supply the electrical load. A control unit for activating the diagnostic mode is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for treating liquids, particularly ocean, brackish water, refuse liquid, and waste water, wherein a hot carrier gas flow charged with water vapor is present in a predetermined treatment step as a hot water vapor carrier gas flow, particularly from a device for the treatment of liquids. According to the invention, at least a partial flow of the hot water vapor carrier gas flow is subjected to water vapor electrolysis in a water vapor electrolysis device in which at least part of the hydrogen and oxygen is separated from the hot water vapor carrier gas flow, and a dried carrier gas flow is created.

Abstract: The invention provides for the removal of impurities from treatment fluid including a base liquid and a variety of impurities contained in the base liquid by conveying the treatment fluid to at least one preheating separating device, including a preheating heat exchanger and a separator unit, before the admixture of a carrier gas to the treatment fluid. The treatment fluid is preheated by the preheating heat exchanger to a temperature below the boiling temperature of a base liquid so that the liquid impurities with lower boiling temperatures than the base liquid are evaporated and expelled thermally, whereby the evaporated and expelled impurities are separated in the separator unit of the preheating separator device. The treatment fluid is then evaporated and separated from impurities having a higher boiling point than the base liquid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composite membrane (1) consisting of a flat support body (2) comprising relative big through flow holes (3) and on which at least one separating layer is applied as a membrane layer (4) having a given number of pores and pore sizes. In order to regulate the temperature of the support body, said support body (2) is connected to a device (5) that can be regulated by a regulating device (S) with the purpose of supplying a predetermined energy to the support body (2) and/or diverting energy from the support body (2). The membrane layer (4) is applied on the support body (2) in a heat-conductive manner so that any change in the temperature of the support body provokes a change in the temperature of the membrane layer.

Abstract: A cable network and a method for protecting the cable network against a serial arc are disclosed. In particular, a 42 V vehicle network for a motor vehicle is contemplated. The cable network includes a supply line connecting a voltage source and a load. The supply line includes two cable runs that are connected in parallel. Each of the cable runs contains a fuse therein. In the event of a cable defect in one (first) of the cable runs, all of the current flows via the other (second) cable run. This prevents an arc from being formed at the cable interruption in the first cable run. The fuses are preferably in the form of electronic components, which positively disconnect one another as soon as one component is activated due to a fault.

Abstract: The invention provides for the removal of impurities from treatment fluid comprising a base liquid and a variety impurities contained in the base liquid by conveying the treatment fluid to at least one preheating separating device, including a preheating heat exchanger and a separator unit, before the admixture of a carrier gas to the treatment fluid. The treatment fluid is preheated by the preheating heat exchanger to a temperature below the boiling temperature of a base liquid so that the liquid impurities with lower boiling temperatures than the base liquid are evaporated and expelled thermally, whereby the evaporated and expelled impurities are separated in the separator unit of the preheating separator device. The treatment fluid is then evaporated and separated from impurities having a lower boiling point than the base liquid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composite membrane (1) consisting of a flat support body (2) comprising relative big through flow holes (3) and on which at least one separating layer is applied as a membrane layer (4) having a given number of pores and pore sizes. In order to regulate the temperature of the support body, said support body (2) is connected to a device (5) that can be regulated by a regulating device (S) with the purpose of supplying a predetermined energy to the support body (2) and/or diverting energy from the support body (2). The membrane layer (4) is applied on the support body (2) in a heat-conductive manner so that any change in the temperature of the support body provokes a change in the temperature of the membrane layer.

Abstract: A cable network and a method for protecting the cable network against a serial arc are disclosed. In particular, a 42 V vehicle network for a motor vehicle is contemplated. The cable network includes a supply line connecting a voltage source and a load. The supply line includes two cable runs that are connected in parallel. Each of the cable runs contains a fuse therein. In the event of a cable defect in one (first) of the cable runs, all of the current flows via the other (second) cable run. This prevents an arc from being formed at the cable interruption in the first cable run. The fuses are preferably in the form of electronic components, which positively disconnect one another as soon as one component is activated due to a fault.