Abstract: An optical amplifier configured to amplify a laser beam, the optical amplifier comprising: an optical path of the laser beam, the optical path comprising a first part and a second part and a reflector configured to reflect the laser beam so as to direct the laser beam between the first and second parts of the optical path, the reflector being configured to reflect the laser beam such that the laser beam reflected by the reflector is parallel to the laser beam incident on the reflector.

Abstract: A printing process for a metal container includes the steps: Heating the metal container, in particular formed as a metal bottle ready for filling, to a pre-treatment temperature lying in an interval between 100 degrees Celsius and 250 degrees Celsius, cooling the metal container to a temperature below 100 degrees Celsius, locally activating a printing zone, formed on an outer surface of the metal container to increase a surface energy of the printing zone and/or locally heating the printing zone to a printing temperature which is in an interval between 30 degrees Celsius and 70 degrees Celsius, printing the printing zone with a printing method.

Abstract: In order to improve the mechanical stability of an X-ray grating with top bridges for X-ray dark field imaging and/or X-ray phase contrast imaging, it is proposed to reduce or prevent the undesired high stress on the top bridges by a change in the manufacturing process. Specifically, it is proposed to electroplate the top bridges after the bending. In other words, the electroplating of the top bridges is performed on the bent geometry.

Abstract: A method for generating laser pulses includes generating first laser pulses and second laser pulses using at least one laser source, and amplifying the first laser pulses and second laser pulses using an optical amplifier. Each respective second laser pulse passes through the optical amplifier offset in time in relation to a respective first laser pulse by a time offset. The method further includes separating the first laser pulses from the second laser pulses using an optical beam splitter based on at least one beam property, and passing the first laser pulses through a retardation unit. A time duration for each respective first laser pulse to pass through a retardation section of the retardation unit corresponds to the time offset. The method further includes superimposing the first laser pulses with the second laser pulses using a superposition unit to form superimposed laser pulses.

Abstract: Digital printing machine for printing workpieces, including a print head carrier to which a print head for dispensing ink droplets in a printing direction and a drying unit for curing the ink droplets are attached, wherein the print head and the drying unit define a working space in which an application of a print image to an outer surface of a workpiece with the print head and a drying of the print image on the workpiece with the drying unit is provided, wherein the drying unit provides electromagnetic waves for a photochemical polymerization of the ink droplets, wherein the drying unit includes a radiation source to provide electromagnetic waves with an intensity maximum at a wavelength from the group of: 395 nanometers, 385 nanometers, 365 nanometers.

Abstract: A printing process for a metal container includes the steps: Heating the metal container, in particular formed as a metal bottle ready for filling, to a pre-treatment temperature lying in an interval between 100° C. and 250° C., cooling the metal container to a temperature below 100° C., locally activating a printing zone, formed on an outer surface of the metal container to increase a surface energy of the printing zone and/or locally heating the printing zone to a printing temperature which is in an interval between 30° C. and 70° C., printing the printing zone with a printing method.

Abstract: A method and a device for transporting and driving components and tools, such as rotors and stators for manufacture, includes a component carrier with at least two chain sprockets rigidly connected to the component carrier. The chain sprockets engage four driven chains to move, rotate and swivel or rotated to a limited extent the component carrier. With the upper chain and lower chain moving at the same speed and in opposite directions of movement, the component carrier rotates on the spot, with the two chains moving at the same speed and in the same direction of movement, the component carrier moves without rotation at the chain speed in the direction of movement, and with the chains moving at different speeds and in the same or different directions of movement, a plurality of combinations of direction of rotation, direction of movement, transport speed and rotational speed can be achieved.

Abstract: In order to improve the mechanical stability of an X-ray grating with top bridges for X-ray dark field imaging and/or X-ray phase contrast imaging, it is proposed to reduce or prevent the undesired high stress on the top bridges by a change in the manufacturing process. Specifically, it is proposed to electroplate the top bridges after the bending. In other words, the electroplating of the top bridges is performed on the bent geometry.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a process for producing an engine component, e.g., a piston for an internal combustion engine, where an aluminum alloy is cast by gravity diecasting, and an engine component composed at least partly of an aluminum alloy. The aluminum alloy includes silicon 8% to 17% by wt., copper 2% to 10% by wt., nickel 1% to 6% by wt., iron 0.1% to 3.5% by wt., magnesium 0.1% to 2% by wt., manganese 0.1% to 4% by wt., barium up to 4% by wt., titanium up to 0.5% by wt., zirconium up to 0.4% by wt., vanadium up to 0.3% by wt., phosphorus up to 0.05% by wt., chromium up to 0.3% by wt., and a balance of aluminum and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: An arrangement monitors an optical element. The arrangement includes: a light source configured to emit radiation onto a surface of the optical element; a detector configured to detect the radiation that has been at least partially reflected at the surface of the optical element; and a holder for the optical element, in which the light source and the detector are integrated. The holder has a cooling region through which a cooling liquid is configured to flow, the cooling region being in contact with the optical element. The holder has a reservoir, through which a beam path between the light source and the detector extends. The reservoir is configured to receive the cooling liquid leaking out at the optical element in case of a leakage.

Abstract: An arrangement monitors an optical element. The arrangement includes: a light source configured to emit radiation onto a surface of the optical element; a detector configured to detect the radiation that has been at least partially reflected at the surface of the optical element; and a holder for the optical element, in which the light source and the detector are integrated. The holder has a cooling region through which a cooling liquid is configured to flow, the cooling region being in contact with the optical element. The holder has a reservoir, through which a beam path between the light source and the detector extends. The reservoir is configured to receive the cooling liquid leaking out at the optical element in case of a leakage.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a process for producing an engine component, e.g., a piston for an internal combustion engine, where an aluminum alloy is cast by gravity diecasting, and an engine component composed at least partly of an aluminum alloy. The aluminum alloy includes silicon 8% to 17% by wt., copper 2% to 10% by wt., nickel 1% to 6% by wt., iron 0.1% to 3.5% by wt., magnesium 0.1% to 2% by wt., manganese 0.1% to 4% by wt., barium up to 4% by wt., titanium up to 0.5% by wt., zirconium up to 0.4% by wt., vanadium up to 0.3% by wt., phosphorus up to 0.05% by wt., chromium up to 0.3% by wt., and a balance of aluminum and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for elongating a beam path of a light beam, in particular of a laser beam, are provided. An example method includes coupling the light beam into an interspace between a plurality of first reflective surfaces and a plurality of second reflective surfaces facing the first reflective surfaces, multiply reflecting the light beam between the first reflective surfaces and the second reflective surfaces to elongate the beam path of the light beam, and coupling out the light beam from the interspace. The light beam undergoes the steps of coupling in, repeated reflecting and coupling out at least a first time with a first pass and a second time with a second pass, and the light beam traverses a different beam path in the interspace during the first pass in comparison with during the second pass.

Abstract: Rotary table digital printing machine for printing on work pieces, including at least one workstation attached to a holding frame, which is designed as a printing unit for printing on work pieces and includes a support frame for receiving an inking unit and a print head module, the support frame including a printing unit interface for coupling with a printing unit receptacle associated with the holding frame and further including a print head interface designed for coupling with a print head module, with a print head module and with an inking unit adapted to provide a printing ink to the print head module, a print head carrier having a carrier interface adapted to be coupled to the print head interface, wherein the printing unit receptacle, the printing unit interface, the inking unit, the print head interface, the carrier interface and the print head module form a row arrangement arranged along the printing direction.

Abstract: Rotary table digital printing machine for printing on work pieces, including at least one workstation attached to a holding frame, which is designed as a printing unit for printing on work pieces and includes a support frame for receiving an inking unit and a print head module, the support frame including a printing unit interface for coupling with a printing unit receptacle associated with the holding frame and further including a print head interface designed for coupling with a print head module, with a print head module and with an inking unit adapted to provide a printing ink to the print head module, a print head carrier having a carrier interface adapted to be coupled to the print head interface, wherein the printing unit receptacle, the printing unit interface, the inking unit, the print head interface, the carrier interface and the print head module form a row arrangement arranged along the printing direction.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus, including non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, for amplifying pulsed laser radiation in an EUV laser driver are provided. An example EUV laser driver includes a beam source configured to produce the pulsed laser radiation with at least one laser frequency, an amplifier arrangement with at least one optical amplifier for amplifying the pulsed laser radiation, the at least one optical amplifier having a frequency-dependent gain with a maximum gain at a maximum frequency, at least one frequency shifter configured to produce a frequency shift for the laser frequency of the pulsed laser radiation relative to the maximum frequency, and a controller configured to set the frequency shift such that a gain of the at least one optical amplifier for the pulsed laser radiation is reduced to less than a percentage, e.g., 90%, 70%, or 50%, of the maximum gain.

Abstract: A device includes a driver laser arrangement including a beam source for generating a laser beam and an amplifier arrangement for amplifying the laser beam. The device also includes an apparatus for monitoring the laser beam that includes a transmissive optical element having a normal direction oriented at a tilt angle with respect to a beam axis of the laser beam. The apparatus also includes a spatially resolving detector for registering laser radiation reflected backwards by the transmissive optical element. The transmissive optical element has first and second sides that are oriented at a wedge angle with respect to one another and through which the laser beam passes. The first and second sides reflect first and second partial beams of the incident laser beam. The apparatus has an optical filter that prevents one of the reflected first and second partial beams from reaching the detector.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus, including non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, for amplifying pulsed laser radiation in an EUV laser driver are provided. An example EUV laser driver includes a beam source configured to produce the pulsed laser radiation with at least one laser frequency, an amplifier arrangement with at least one optical amplifier for amplifying the pulsed laser radiation, the at least one optical amplifier having a frequency-dependent gain with a maximum gain at a maximum frequency, at least one frequency shifter configured to produce a frequency shift for the laser frequency of the pulsed laser radiation relative to the maximum frequency, and a controller configured to set the frequency shift such that a gain of the at least one optical amplifier for the pulsed laser radiation is reduced to less than a percentage, e.g., 90%, 70%, or 50%, of the maximum gain.

Abstract: There is provided rare earth metal complexes of formula (I): wherein M is a cation, RE is a rare earth metal; X is a counter anion; and R1, R2, R3, and R4 are each independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl of 1-8 carbon atoms, aryl, halo, and alkoxy. Also provided is a composition of europium bis(2,2?-bipyridine-N,N?)-trinitrate with a diketonate dopant. The disclosure also provides processes for preparing the rare earth metal complexes. A mark comprising the rare earth metal complexes, and a method of applying the mark, are disclosed. The rare earth metal complexes may be used in printing systems, and for security applications.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for elongating a beam path of a light beam, in particular of a laser beam, are provided. An example method includes coupling the light beam into an interspace between a plurality of first reflective surfaces and a plurality of second reflective surfaces facing the first reflective surfaces, multiply reflecting the light beam between the first reflective surfaces and the second reflective surfaces to elongate the beam path of the light beam, and coupling out the light beam from the interspace. The light beam undergoes the steps of coupling in, repeated reflecting and coupling out at least a first time with a first pass and a second time with a second pass, and the light beam traverses a different beam path in the interspace during the first pass in comparison with during the second pass.