Abstract: A process for carrying out a multi-phase reaction in a continuously operated tube reactor operated according to the counter current principle in which reactor components of a liquid phase flowing downwards as a thin film in said tube reactor and components of a continuous gas flowing upward in said tube reactor are brought to material transfer, or reaction respectively. The gas phase is pulsed, by repeated temporary pressure lowering at the gas entry into said tube reactor and/or repeated temporary pressure increase at the gas exit from said tube reactor, to counteract film thickness growth and liquid phase stagnation.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for extracting hydrophobic compounds from substantially fat-, oil-, and wax-free substance mixtures by using at least one non-polar extraction solvent in conjunction with at least one water-soluble organic solvent wherein the extraction solvent containing the hydrophobic compound can be recovered as the upper phase in a phase separation.

Abstract: Vehicles having an on-board device further have a communication device, a vehicle transceiver and an electronic purse in the form of a processor card. Pay stations are arranged at locations along a roadway. The pay stations implement a data exchange with a wireless communication device and debiting a use toll. A vehicle localization device is provided in addition to a communication device at the pay station. The vehicle localization device identifies the position of the vehicle just arriving based on a brief-duration optical signal output by the vehicle transceiver wherein the temporary identifier known from the communication protocol is allocated to the optical signal. The optical signal can be an infrared photoflash that is output on demand by the pay station. The vehicle localization device is an infrared-sensitive video camera that identifies the position based on the optical imaging of this vehicle with computer-controlled evaluation.