Abstract: A band-changing apparatus for flying band change which consists of two unwinding stations which are arranged adjacent to a band changer. From the respective unwinding stations, a new band and a running-off band are brought together in the band changer in a V-shaped manner from the top downwards through two channels and enter into a pressure-roller unit rotary stops are provided in the channels for controlling movement of the respective bands. The band changer also possesses two rotary crosscutters for cutting the bands to size. The new band is equipped with an adhesive strip which leads to an adhesive bond with the running-off band in the pressure-roller unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for guiding a coated material strip through a dryer has a plurality of guide elements disposed in the dryer so that the plurality of guide elements are equally-spaced. The plurality of guide elements each have a gas-permeable guide face which faces an underside of the coated material strip. A device for supplying a gas to the plurality of guide elements is provided so that a gas stream passes through each of the gas-permeable guide faces and supports the coated material.

Abstract: A mechanically roughened substrate is conveyed through an electrolytic bath and is given a superposed electrochemical roughening, which is carried out by means of electrodes which are arranged in the electrolytic bath at a specific spacing from the substrate. The electrodes are connected to corresponding windings on the secondary side of a three-phase transformer. The corresponding windings on the primary side of the three-phase transformer are connected to a three-phase frequency converter, to which three-phase current is applied via leads. The three-phase frequency converter transforms the line frequency of the three-phase current supplied into a frequency range of about 50 to 300 Hz at a voltage of between about 1 and 380 V.

Abstract: A distributor tube has tube slots in its shell surface transversely of the inflow direction of a fluid into the distributor tube. A casing tube is enclosed by the distributor tube and is divided into flow chambers, each of which is bounded by two annular plates and connected to an inlet sector. A star-shaped volume flow divider is located on the inlet side of the distributor tube as a tube insert, which divides the introduced mass flow rate into partial flow rates for the flow chambers. In another embodiment, the distributor tube encloses a rotationally symmetric pressure distributor, whereby the fluid within the distributor tube encounters equal pressure in the radial and axial flow directions over the inlet length of the distributor tube.

Abstract: A mechanically roughened substrate is conveyed through an electrolytic bath and is given a superposed electrochemical roughening, which is carried out by means of electrodes which are arranged in the electrolytic bath at a specific spacing from the substrate. The electrodes are connected to corresponding windings on the secondary side of a three-phase transformer. The corresponding windings on the primary side of the three-phase transformer are connected to a three-phase frequency converter, to which three-phase current is applied via leads. The three-phase frequency converter transforms the line frequency of the three-phase current supplied into a frequency range of about 50 to 300 Hz at a voltage of between about 1 and 380 V.

Abstract: A distributor tube has tube slots in its shell surface transversely of the inflow direction of a fluid into the distributor tube. A casing tube is enclosed by the distributor tube and is divided into flow chambers, each of which is bounded by two annular plates and connected to an inlet sector. A star-shaped volume flow divider is located on the inlet side of the distributor tube as a tube insert, which divides the introduced mass flow rate into partial flow rates for the flow chambers. In another embodiment, the distributor tube encloses a rotationally symmetric pressure distributor, whereby the fluid within the distributor tube encounters equal pressure in the radial and axial flow directions over the inlet length of the distributor tube.

Abstract: A process for drying a liquid layer which has been applied to a carrier material moving through a drying zone and which contains vaporizable solvent components and non-vaporizable components, wherein a drying gas flows in the longitudinal direction of the carrier material parallel to the liquid layer and is accelerated in the drying zone in the direction of flow, is disclosed. Also disclosed is a device for accomplishing the drying process, comprising a drying channel through which the carrier material bearing the liquid layer runs in the longitudinal direction, and a gas-permeable channel-covering surface, through which the gas stream flows into the drying channel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a roughened printing plate support of aluminum or an alloy thereof, which shows equally distributed tubular depressions. Furthermore, a process for the production of the printing plate-support is disclosed, in which roughening is performed in an acidic electrolyte by means of a pulsed direct current. The invention also relates to arrangements which are suitable for carrying out the process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sheet, foil or strip material comprising aluminum or an alloy thereof, which is first mechanically and then electrochemically roughened on one or both surfaces to produce the following parameters:(a) from about 60 to 90% of the surface comprise a basic structure, in which the arithmetic mean of the distribution of diameters D.sub.a1 of the pits is in the range from about 1 to 5 microns,(b) from about 10 to 40% of the surface comprise a superimposed structure formed of elevations having an average base F from about 100 to 1,500 microns.sup.2, in which the arithmetic mean of the distribution of diameters D.sub.a2 of the pits is in the range from about 0.1 to 1.0 micron,(c) the center line average roughnesses R.sub.a of the entire surface are at least 0.6 micron, and(d) the contact area t.sub.pmi of the entire surface is not more than about 20% at a stylus working depth of 0.125 micron and not more than about 70% at a stylus working depth of 0.4 micron.

Abstract: In the process for continuously anodically oxidizing one surface of strips of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, a direct current is caused to act on the strips, by at least one anode and at least one cathode, which are arranged in an aqueous electrolyte. The anode(s) and cathode(s) electrochemically act, from opposite sides and simultaneously, on the strip which moves past them and which is, in particular, substantially horizontally conveyed past the substantially horizontally arranged electrodes.A device for carrying out a process of this kind comprises (a) at least one treating bath (2) which is filled with an aqueous electrolyte (3), (b) at least one anode (5) each, which is arranged in the electrolyte, below the strip (1) to be treated, and (c) at least one cathode (4) each, which is arranged in the electrolyte, above the strip (1) to be treated.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of a material in the form of a plate, a foil or a strip, from aluminum or an alloy thereof, which has been chemically, mechanically and/or electrochemically roughened. The process comprises a two-stage oxidation involving a first stage (a) which is performed in an aqueous electrolyte having from about 60 to 180 g/l of phosphoric acid, at a temperature of the electrolyte bath of about 47.degree. to 70.degree. C. and at a voltage of about 36 to 80 V and a second stage (b) which is performed in an aqueous electrolyte having from about 60 to 300 g/l of sulfuric acid, at a temperature of the electrolyte bath of about 30.degree. to 65.degree. C. and at a voltage of about 15 to 35 V. Also disclosed is an offset-printing plate, having a radiation-sensitive coating and a support material produced by the process described above.

Abstract: This invention relates to a printing plate comprising a support bearing either(A) a layer comprising particles each containing a hydrophilic metal core and an oleophilic metal casing or(B) a layer comprising particles each containing an oleophilic metal core and a hydrophilic metal casing.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for freely suspending a moving web of material in a gaseous medium, which comprises impinging a stream of the gaseous medium over the entire width of one surface of the web in order to produce a first stationary stable pressure zone, forming at least one stationary stable suction zone adjacent said first stationary stable pressure zone, deflecting the gaseous medium passing beyond the edges of the web in order to produce a second stationary stable pressure zone on the opposite side of the web, and regulating said pressure and suction zones in order to maintain the web in a freely suspended state. The invention also includes an apparatus for performing the method.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the manufacture of a series of photoconductor webs spaced apart from each other on a carrier web by electrically conductive spacing strips extending transversely of the carrier web, comprising (a) transporting a carrier web having an electrically conductive surface disposed thereon in a feed direction across a backing member and in close proximity to a slot die arranged transversely to the feed direction; (b) pumping a photoconductive coating solution into the slot die; (c) flowing the photoconductive solution intermittently from the slot die orifice onto the carrier web for periods of time sufficient to produce the spaced photoconductor webs, the flow of the coating solution being substantially uniform during each coating period and the entire quantity of coating solution required for each coated photoconductor web being extruded from the slot die orifice in the form of a substantially uniform stream; (d) maintaining the distance between the carrier web and the die orifice constant

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the manufacture of a series of photoconductor webs spaced apart from each other on a carrier web by electrically conductive spacing strips extending transversely of the carrier web, comprising (a) transporting a carrier web having an electrically conductive surface disposed thereon in a feed direction across a backing member and in close proximity to a slot die arranged transversely to the feed direction; (b) pumping a photoconductive coating solution into the slot die; (c) flowing the photoconductive solution intermittently from the slot die orifice onto the carrier web for periods of time sufficient to produce the spaced photoconductor webs, the flow of the coating solution being substantially uniform during each coating period and the entire quantity of coating solution required for each coating photoconductor web being extruded from the slot die orifice in the form of a substantially uniform stream; (d) maintaining the distance between the carrier web and the die orifice constan