Abstract: A window regulator assembly of a vehicle, wherein the window regulator assembly includes a carrier element. At least one pulley arrangement for redirecting a cable is mounted at the carrier element. The pulley arrangement includes a pulley which is arranged rotatable on a bearing element, which bearing element is mounted on the carrier element. The bearing element is formed by a section of a screw. The screw has adjacent to the bearing element a first thread with a first thread diameter designed to be engaged with a threaded bore in the carrier element. The screw has a second thread adjacent to the first thread with a second thread diameter that is smaller than the first thread diameter. The first thread is a self-tapping thread, which is directly screwed into the material of the carrier element.

Abstract: A method for enshrouding an actuator for use in a fuel injector, comprising the steps of providing an actuator having a body section, a first end piece and a second end piece; providing a shroud having first and second ends; applying a sealant material to at least one portion of an exterior surface of the end pieces, and/or to at least one part of the shroud; and enshrouding the actuator with the shroud, such that the sealant material provides an intermediate layer between the end pieces and the shroud and forms a fluid-tight seal between them.

Abstract: A piezoelectric actuator (2) comprising a stack of one or more piezoelectric elements (4) defining an external surface, and passivation means (20) applied to the external surface of the stack, wherein the passivation means (20) includes a self-supporting polyimide material (20b) (e.g. in the form of a layer, film or membrane).

Abstract: A piezoelectric actuator (2) comprising a stack of one or more piezoelectric elements (4) defining an external surface, and passivation means (20) applied to the external surface of the stack, wherein the passivation means (20) includes a self-supporting polyimide material (20b) (e.g. in the form of a layer, film or membrane).

Abstract: Provided are barrier coatings and methods for applying barrier coatings to piezoelectric actuators that are intended for use in automotive fuel injectors. The barrier coatings are characterised by the presence of at least one organic layer, and additionally metal and/or non-metallic inorganic layers. The barrier coatings described show advantage in resisting permeation by liquid fuel, water and other contaminants.

Abstract: A method of poling a ferroelectric sample suitable for use in a fuel injector of an internal combustion engine, the method comprising providing a ferroelectric sample having a stack of ferroelectric layers, wherein adjacent layers are separated by internal electrodes, forming a first group and a second group of electrodes; applying a multiaxial pressure to the ferroelectric sample; reducing the bonding strength between each pair of adjacent ferroelectric layers and internal electrodes; and generating a first electric field between the first and second group of electrodes to pole each ferroelectric layer in a first poling direction.

Abstract: A method for enshrouding an actuator for use in a fuel injector, comprising the steps of providing an actuator having a body section, a first end piece and a second end piece; providing a shroud having first and second ends; applying a sealant material to at least one portion of an exterior surface of the end pieces, and/or to at least one part of the shroud; and enshrouding the actuator with the shroud, such that the sealant material provides an intermediate layer between the end pieces and the shroud and forms a fluid-tight seal between them.

Abstract: The injection valve has a control valve with a control chamber in which a closing member is disposed. The closing member is pressed against a corresponding sealing seat by a pressure (e.g. fuel pressure) in the control chamber. The closing member merges into a rod that passes through a drain hole and is connected to a spring plate. The spring plate is preloaded against the housing by a compression spring in such a way that the closing member is pressed against an associated sealing seat. The closing member can be raised from the sealing seat by an actuator piston which rests against the spring plate.