Abstract: An approach is provided for solving optimization problems. The present invention also relates to a method comprising obtaining a first set of binary variables and a second set of binary variables; providing information regarding interactions between binary variables of the first set and binary variables of the second set; and providing an inverse temperature value. A change of a local energy of a binary variable of the first set if the binary variable were flipped is calculated on the basis of the inverse temperature value and the interactions between the binary variable of the first set and binary variables of the second set; and a probability is calculated on the basis of the change of the local energy. The probability is compared to a random value to determine whether to accept the flipping of the binary variable of the first set; and if the comparison indicates that the flipping can be accepted, the value of the binary variable of the first set is flipped.

Abstract: For secure wireless communications the sender device uses a rail encoder that outputs dual rail-encoded states of light in a time slot. The states of light dual rail-encode information according to a phase and/or intensity difference between the dual rails, and the rail-encoded states of light may further be converted to a polarization-encoded state. This may be implemented using at least two polarizing beam-splitters with at least one quarter-wave plate disposed therebetween; and/or with integrated waveguides that convert three optical inputs to two optical outputs that are input to a polarization rotator-combiner. The encoder may randomly define the polarization-encoded state such as by randomly selecting from a finite number of at least N=3 possible polarization rotations. The recipient device may use 2N parallel, channels to decode the dual rail-encoded states of light, each channel comprising a detector configured to detect one of N possible polarization states.

Abstract: Adjustment of an optica! component of a device comprises determining of at least one derivative of coupling efficiency of the optical component as a function of parameters used for control of a steering function of the optica! component. At least one oscillating component is induced into the parameters for the determining. The adjustment of the optical component is based on the determined at least one derivative.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for communication between a mobile device and a target device are disclosed. Information of a target device is determined by means of at least one element of a mobile device for providing an optical link with the target device. An optical component of the mobile device is then aligned with an optical component of the target device based on said information determined by the mobile device. The target device can obtain information of relative positioning of the target device and the mobile device determined for the purposes of providing an optical link between the target device and the mobile device and the optical component thereof can be aligned with the optical component of the mobile device based on the information.

Abstract: A system comprising: at least one sensor and at least one control apparatus wherein; the sensor comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code;the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform;compressing a sensor data signal using a sampling basis to obtain a compressed data signal; and in response to a first feedback signal changing a sampling basis used to obtain the compressed data signal; and wherein the control apparatus comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform; receiving the data signal from the at least one sensor;determining a quality of the received data signal; and if the quality of the received data signal is within a first threshold providing a feedback signal to control th

Abstract: An approach is provided for adiabatic quantum annealing (computing, AQC). There is disclosed a method for finding a solution by using adiabatic quantum annealing. In an embodiment of the method an initial state to an adiabatic quantum computing element is provided and an adiabatic quantum annealing is performed by the adiabatic quantum computing element. The result of the adiabatic quantum annealing is examined to determine whether one or more terminating criteria have been met. If the examining reveals that one or more terminating criteria have been met, returning a candidate solution with the lowest energy. If the examining reveals that one or more terminating criteria have not been met, the method further comprises adjusting the state of the adiabatic quantum computing element; and repeating the adiabatic quantum annealing. The present invention also relates to apparatuses and computer program products for implementing the method and circuitry relating to the adiabatic quantum annealing.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for distribution of keys are disclosed. An optical signal for carrying encoded information in accordance with a quantum key distribution scheme is generated. The generated optical signal has a wavelength which is changed to another wavelength prior to transmission of the optical signal. The optical signal carrying the encoded information and having the changed wavelength is received, where after decoding of the information takes place by means of detector apparatus operating in the changed wavelength.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to secured wireless communications. A sender device emits randomly photons in a first polarisation, a second polarisation and a third polarisation without aligning a polarisation system in a plane perpendicular to the first and second polarisations with a recipient device. The recipient device is adapted for detection of events in association with six polarisations. The recipient device selects randomly polarisation basis for measurement of the received photons. Information of detected events in association with three basis is communicated to the sender device. The information from the recipient device and information stored in the sender device is processed to determine events where same polarisation basis was used by the sender device and the recipient device.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment a method, apparatus and computer program product are provided. The method comprises receiving, at an apparatus, a sampled data associated with an activity from one or more sensors wirelessly coupled to the apparatus. The sampled data is generated at the one or more sensors based on a compressive sampling of an activity data associated with the activity. The compressive sampling is performed based on a sampling information. The activity is classified based at least on the sampled data. An error associated with the classification of the activity is determined. The sampling information is updated or retained based on a comparison of the error with a threshold error. The updated sampling information is utilized for generating an updated sampled data. The updated sampled data facilitates in reclassification of the activity.