Abstract: A device and method of recording marks representing data in an information layer of a record carrier includes irradiating the information layer by a pulsed radiation beam, each mark being written by a sequence of pulses. The recorded marks are erasable by irradiating the information layer with an erase radiation beam. The erase radiation beam has a first erase power level (e1) for a first erase period (t1), a second erase power level (e2) higher than or equal to the first erase power level (e1) for a second erase period (t2) , and a third erase power level (e3) lower than the second erase power level (e2) for a third erase period (t3).

Abstract: The present invention relates to determining at least one write strategy, using a write strategy model comprising first and second parameters, for recording data on a recording medium comprising, providing at least one set of randomised first parameters, (102, step 202), writing at least one test data, 104, pattern by using said at least one set of first randomised first parameters, (102), (106, step 204), reading the recorded test data pattern, (108, step 206) and calculating a set of second parameters, (114),(112, step 208), based on said read test data pattern (110) and the at least one set of first randomised parameters, (102). From the calculated set of second parameters, (114) and the real data to be recorded, 118, sets of first parameters (120) are calculated, (step 210). The real data (118) are recorded (122, step 212) by using the chosen write strategy model.

Abstract: A torque tool for measuring and/or cut-off tightening of a torque on a workpiece. The torque tool is provided within a housing with a handle. The torque to be measured is transmitted with a rod. A measuring element electronically detects the actual torque. A measure- and control electronics for processing the torque detected in such a way. The electronic measure and control electronics controls a cut-off switch for cutting-off the torque tool.

Abstract: A handheld toothbrush with a brush head having a forward free end and a rearward portion. Provided at the forward free end of the brush head is at least one bristle tuft of a first set. Adjoining the first set in rearward direction is a second set of tufts comprised of several bristle tufts arranged serially on a ring and extending in the circumferential direction of the ring at an angle of inclination relative to the surface of the brush head. A third set of tufts adjoins the second set of bristle tufts in the direction towards the rearward portion. The tufts of the third set are inclined in the circumferential direction in opposition to the direction of the bristle tufts of the second set. As a result, these tufts are capable of penetrating optimally between the user's teeth, hence ensuring a better cleaning result.

Abstract: The invention relates to a torque sensor for calibrating screwing tools such as dynamometric keys or impact screw drivers. A torque sensor for calibrating screwing tools has an inner body defining an axis with respect to which a torque is to be measured. The inner body has a seat for engaugement of a screwing tool to be calibrated. An outer annular body is held stationary. This outer annular body is coaxial with the inner body and is connected therewith through radial webs of a first type and through radial webs of a second type. The first type webs have relatively large widths circumferentially but have relatively small axial dimensions. The second type webs are relatively narrow circumferentially but have relatively large axial dimensions. The torque sensor further comprises torsion measuring elements attached to said first type webs for measuring torsional deformation due to torques exerted on said inner body.

Abstract: A coupling device includes a polygonal coupling part on one of the parts to be coupled for engaging a complementary polygonal counterpart on another of the parts to be coupled. The polygonal coupling part has outer side faces, a longitudinal bore therein, and a first transverse bore with a ball therein intersecting the longitudinal bore and one of the side faces. An actuating body tapering at first and second ends is guided for longitudinal movement in the longitudinal bore between an extended position wherein the first end moves the ball radially into a locking position and a retracted position permitting inward movement of the ball out of its locking position. A second transverse bore intersecting the longitudinal bore guides a releasing element having a cam surface engaging the second end of the actuating body. The releasing element is movable against the action of a biasing spring to move the actuating body from its extended position to its retracted position.

Abstract: A handheld toothbrush with a brush head having a forward free end and a rearward portion. Provided at the forward free end of the brush head is at least one bristle tuft of a first set. Adjoining the first set in rearward direction is a second set of tufts comprised of several bristle tufts arranged serially on a ring and extending in the circumferential direction of the ring at an angle of inclination relative to the surface of the brush head. A third set of tufts adjoins the second set of bristle tufts in the direction towards the rearward portion. The tufts of the third set are inclined in the circumferential direction in opposition to the direction of the bristle tufts of the second set. As a result, these tufts are capable of penetrating optimally between the user's teeth, hence ensuring a better cleaning result.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to a recording device for recording marks in a phase-change type record carrier. Generally, a nT marks is recorded by a sequence of (n−2) or (n−1) write pulses. In slow cooling stacks, this results in low quality marks. The invention proposes to increase the cooling period in between the pulses in a sequence of write pulses by applying m write pulses, where m is depended on n/&agr; (&agr; being an integer larger than 1). In an embodiment, the number of write pulses m is set to the integer value closest to n/&agr;. In an preferred embodiment &agr; is set to 3.

Abstract: A coupling device includes a polygonal coupling part on one of the parts to be coupled for engaging a complementary polygonal counterpart on another of the parts to be coupled. The polygonal coupling part has outer side faces, a longitudinal bore therein, and a first transverse bore with a ball therein intersecting the longitudinal bore and one of the side faces. An actuating body tapering at first and second ends is guided for longitudinal movement in the longitudinal bore between an extended position wherein the first end moves the ball radially into a locking position and a retracted position permitting inward movement of the ball out of its locking position. A second transverse bore intersecting the longitudinal bore guides a releasing element having a cam surface engaging the second end of the actuating body. The releasing element is movable against the action of a biasing spring to move the actuating body from its extended position to its retracted position.

Abstract: The invention relates to a torque sensor for calibrating screwing tools such as dynamometric keys or impact screw drivers. A torque sensor for calibrating screwing tools has an inner body defining an axis with respect to which a torque is to be measured. The inner body has a seat for engaugement of a screwing tool to be calibrated. An outer annular body is held stationary. This outer annular body is coaxial with the inner body and is connected therewith through radial webs of a first type and through radial webs of a second type. The first type webs have relatively large widths circumferentially but have relatively small axial dimensions. The second type webs are relatively narrow circumferentially but have relatively large axial dimensions. The torque sensor further comprises torsion measuring elements attached to said first type webs for measuring torsional deformation due to torques exerted on said inner body.

Abstract: In the missile containing a predeterminate number of swing wings made of a flexible, resiliently elastic, substantially flat material, the substantially flat material contains a closed cavity. Pressurized as can be infed into the closed cavity from a pressurized gas source in the swung out condition of the swing wings. In one embodiment the substantially flat material of the swing wing directly forms the closed cavity. The substantially flat material is made of thin sheet of spring steel. The swing wings are connected at their base to the missile body via respective swivel joints. Each swivel joint comprises a pressurized as cartridge constituting the pressurized gas source for inflating the swing wing. Each swing wing contains two tongue-shaped members of the substantially flat material. The two tongue-shaped members have respective substantially straight base edges and substantially U-shaped external rim portions and are interconnected in the region of their external rim portions.

Abstract: A natural gas, which in addition to methane contains 2 to 4 carbon atoms per molecule and H.sub.2 S, is treated to remove the H.sub.2 S and the hydrocarbons in part. The natural gas under a pressure of at least 5 bars is indirectly cooled in a heat exchange zone to temperatures from -30.degree. to 100.degree. C. The condensate is removed from the cooled natural gas and is pressure-relieved and is then passed as a coolant through the heat exchange zone. Scrubbing liquor is cooled in the heat exchange zone to temperatures from -30.degree. to -80.degree. C. and is contacted in a scrubbing zone with the natural gas from which the condensate has been removed. The laden scrubbing liquor which has been withdrawn from the scrubbing zone is passed through the heat exchange zone. The natural gas which has been purified in the scrubbing zone is pressure-relieved and is also passed through the heat exchange zone.

Abstract: In a reactor, granular feedstock having particle sizes in the range from about 0.5 to 15 mm is subjected in a moving bed to a countercurrent extraction at a temperature in the range from 20.degree. to 150.degree. C. and under a pressure in the range from 50 to 400 bars by a continuously supplied solvent which is in a liquid or supercritical state. A mixture of valuable substances and solvent is withdrawn from the upper portion of the reactor. The solvent is separated from the valuable substances by a pressure relief and/or temperature rise and is recycled to the reactor. The extraction residue is withdrawn from the lower end of the reactor. Respective locks are used to charge the feedstock into the reactor and to discharge the extraction residue from the reactor. Solvent and an entrainer are supplied to the reactor at different locations. Outlet ducts having a length of 0.1 to 1 m are preferably used to deliver the feedstock onto a moving bed in the reactor so that a free space is provided over the bed.

Abstract: A method of filling a container continually under superatmospheric pressure with flowable granular solids and removing the solids from the container utilizing entrance and discharge locks provided for liquid filling of the locks, gas-pressure equalization between the locks and liquid transfer from the entrance to the discharge lock. A liquid/solid separator is provided for the outflow from the discharge lock and the recovered liquid is stored.