Abstract: A radiant heat tube (5) comprises a tube body having a center section (6) and at least one recirculating section (7, 8) arranged next to the center section, said recirculating section forming a loop (9, 10) with said center section. A pivot joint bearing (23) is arranged on one end (12) of the radiant heat tube, while a sliding bearing (15) is arranged on the other end (11) of the radiant heat tube, said sliding bearing (15) being arranged opposite said pivot joint bearing (23). A burner (14) is disposed to heat the radiant heat tube (5).

Abstract: In a high efficiency regenerator burner for heating spaces, the exhaust gas generated by the burner is provided which is conducted alternately through different regenerator cartridges and a partial stream of the exhaust gas is conducted under the control of an orifice plate through a bypass space in which the regenerator cartridges are disposed. A control structure is disposed in a burner head for controlling the exhaust gas bypass flow volume and also to control the main exhaust gas flow as well as the combustion air flow through the regenerator cartridges.

Abstract: In a highly efficient recuperator burner, which comprises at least one combustion chamber for warm-up operation and is otherwise set up for FLOX® operation, and a recuperator for preheating combustion air by means of thermal exhaust gas energy in a counter-current heat exchange mode via heat exchanger pipes, each heat exchanger pipe has, in a heat exchange section thereof, a flattened gap cross-section and, at its end facing a volume to be heated, a nozzle cross-section, which differs from the flattened gap cross-section of the heat exchanger pipe.

Abstract: In a burner and method for the operation of such a burner which is provided with first fuel and air supply means for FLOX® operation and second fuel and air supply means for operation with flame combustion, a control unit is provided for controlling fuel and air supply means in such a manner that, aided by flame combustion operation, the temperature required for FLOX® operation is rapidly achieved and FLOX® operation can be maintained at least in the region directly in front of the burner so as to provide for assisted FLOX® operation of the burner already before the conditions for pure FLOX® operation are established.

Abstract: The novel compact steam reformer (1) combines in one device the steam reformation of natural gas or other fuel, including subsequent cleaning of CO. Controlled catalytic CO cleaning is achieved by careful temperature control at the follow-up reactor (37, 39, 39a). Temperature control is made possible by means of pressure-controlled operation of the evaporator (24).

Abstract: The fuel cell system and method in accordance with the invention is used for the generation of electrical current and heat from liquid and gaseous fuels. The system comprises a reformer and a fuel cell stack (1) having an operating temperature of about 120° C. or greater and providing exhaust heat that is utilized for the generation of steam in evaporation channels (2). The evaporation channels (2) are arranged so as to be in direct thermal contact with the stack (1) that is to be cooled. A pressure-maintaining device in fluid communication with the outlet of the evaporation channels (2) is disposed to adjust the pressure in the channels to a value that results in the desired stack (1) temperature.

Abstract: The fixed-bed gasifier and method in accordance with the invention operates with a solid material batch that is perfused by air and/or steam in opposing direction. Compared with the resultant pyrolysis coke batch, the actual pyrolysis zone is thin enough so as to result in a material dwell time in the pyrolysis zone of only a few minutes, while the dwell time of the pyrolysis coke in the pyrolysis coke layer may last up to several hours. The pyrolysis occurs in an allothermic manner. High-energy low-dust and low-tar gas is formed. The process control can be automated in a reliable manner. The exhaust of reaction gases and pyrolysis gases occurs through the heating chamber, whereby the last tar components are eliminated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel burner nozzle field consisting of nozzle field modules which work with an intensive air pre-heating system and which produce gas impact spots on the material which is to be warmed, which have an average distance of, preferably, less than 150 mm and, in the best case, less than 100 mm. The burners work with a deignited gas outlet and an individual air pre-heating system. The individual nozzle field modules can work in any particular spatial orientation. Burner nozzle fields can be arranged behind each other in order to increase efficiency.

Abstract: A reformer which enables rapid load changes of up to 100% within a few seconds and is intended to produce hydrogen from hydrocarbons by steam reformation, comprises an evaporator cooler for cooling the reformate and for generating steam. The evaporator cooler is disposed in the reformer, on the end of its reaction vessel. It keeps the applicable end of the tube cool and uses the waste heat of the reformate for generating steam. This makes fast load changes possible, because an increase in the introduction of water immediately causes an increase in the reformate produced and thus an increase in the heat output.

Abstract: The novel compact steam reformer (1) combines in one device the steam reformation of natural gas or other fuel, including subsequent cleaning of CO. Controlled catalytic CO cleaning is achieved by careful temperature control at the follow-up reactor (37, 39, 39a). Temperature control is made possible by means of pressure-controlled operation of the evaporator (24).

Abstract: A combustion chamber (5) for a gas turbine is adapted for flameless oxidation of fuels. This circulation flow has an internal space (9) in which a large-volume circulation flow is established. To this end, the combustion chamber supplies a hot exhaust stream to the introduced air, the mass flow rate of which exceeds the fresh air stream. The fresh air and the fuel are fed to the combustion chamber in the same direction, roughly parallel to the wall.

Abstract: A device including a burner (6) for directing a fuel/air mixture into a reaction chamber (2) for flameless oxidation of fuels. The burner (6) discharges a fuel/air jet transversely to a longitudinal axis (A) of the burner and an exhaust gas channel (17) is arranged in or on the burner concentric or parallel to the burner longitudinal axis (A). An outlet direction (R) of the fuel/air jets from the burner and the direction (A) of the exhaust gas channel cross each other. Hence, the burner introduces fuel parallel or at an angle to the wall into the furnace chamber where the burner is mounted for flameless oxidation of the fuel.

Abstract: A combustion chamber (5) for a gas turbine is adapted for flameless oxidation of fuels. This circulation flow has an internal space (9) in which a large-volume circulation flow is established. To this end, the combustion chamber supplies a hot exhaust stream to the introduced air, the mass flow rate of which exceeds the fresh air stream. The fresh air and the fuel are fed to the combustion chamber in the same direction, roughly parallel to the wall.

Abstract: A reformer (2) which enables rapid load changes of up to 100% within a few seconds, and which is intended to produce hydrogen from hydrocarbons by steam reformation, has an evaporator cooler for cooling the reformate and for generating steam. The evaporator cooler (34) is disposed in the reformer (2), on the end of its reaction vessel. It keeps the applicable end of the tube cool and uses the waste heat of the reformate for generating steam. This makes fast load changes possible, because an increase in the introduction of water immediately causes an increase in the reformate produced and thus an increase in the heat output.

Abstract: A device including a burner (6) for directing a fuel/air mixture into a reaction chamber (2) for flameless oxidation of fuels has a reaction chamber (2), which is supplied with a fuel air mixture by a burner (6). The burner (6) discharges the a fuel air fuel/air jet transversely to it's a longitudinal axis (A) of the burner and an. An exhaust gas channel (17) is arranged in or on the burner concentric or parallel to the burner longitudinal axis (A). The An outlet direction (R) of the fuel/air jets from the burner and the direction (A) of the exhaust gas channel cross each other. This Hence, produces the burners, which fuel introduces the fuel parallel or at an angle to the furnace wall into the furnace chamber in where the burner is mounted and are designed for flameless oxidation of the fuel.

Abstract: A compact heat source is provided which includes a bell-shaped or conical recuperator that surrounds a combustion chamber. The recuperator consists of parts that are axially tensioned against one another, so that a stable positioning of a partition wall provided with projections both on a bell-shaped outer wall and also on a bell-shaped inner wall is ensured.

Abstract: A regenerator burner for particular use in the heating of furnace spaces of industrial furnaces is provided. The regenerator burner includes an outer tube in which a central fuel feed arrangement is provided and a burner head which contains combustion air feed and combustion exhaust gases lead-off arrangements and from which the outer tube extends. Two regenerators each of which can be acted on with combustion air and with combustion exhaust gases are also provided. The two regenerators are arranged in two annular spaces which are coaxial to the fuel feed arrangement and are positioned radially one within the other with the annular spaces extending at least over a portion of their axial length in surrounding relation to the fuel feed arrangement in the outer tube. A nozzle mechanism being allocated to each of the two annular spaces at an end of the regenerator burner opposite the burner head. The nozzle mechanisms are operable alternately as inlet and outlet nozzles.

Abstract: A ceramic recuperator (18) for a recuperator burner (1) is provided, in its heat exchanger region, with a plurality of radially inward- and outward-extending teeth. On the otherwise hollow-cylindrical recuperator (18), the teeth (19) are arranged in groups, e.g., in rings; the teeth of one ring are each offset from the teeth of an adjacent ring. Alternatively, it is possible to arrange the teeth on a single- or multi-start helical line. The recuperator can be produced economically by the slip-casting method.

Abstract: To sealingly retain a radiant heat exchange tube extending through an opening (5) in a wall (3) of a furnace, and to isolate the atmosphere within the furnace space (2) from outside ambient space, a thin-wall sleeve (25) has a first portion (40) shrinkfitted around the radiant heat exchange tube (7) which, for high temperature resistance, is made of a ceramic, preferably silicon carbide. A second portion (42, 44, 46) of the sleeve (25) which conically expands, is secured to a flange element (23), for example by welding, which, in turn, is secured for examples by screws, to a flange structure (8) on the wall (3) of the furnace. The flange element (23) has an inner diameter which is greater than the outer diameter of the tube (7). The sleeve (25) is preferably made of iron-nickel and has a wall thickness which is about 1/10 of the wall thickness of the ceramic tube (7).

Abstract: An industrial burner with low NO.sub.x emissions, particularly for heating furnace chambers of industrial furnaces, has a high-heat-resistance combustion chamber (9), which is formed with a fuel supply device and an air supply device and with at least one nozzle-shaped outlet (10) for the gases emerging into a heating chamber. The fuel supply device (17, 18) extends through the combustion chamber, which is acted upon constantly with air. The fuel supply device can be switched over between two operating states, with a differing three-dimensional location of fuel nozzle devices (25, 26) relative to the combustion chamber outlet. In a first operating state, fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber, creating a fuel/air mixture that burns with a stable flame in the combustion chamber, and in a second operating state, the reaction between the fuel and the combustion air is substantially shifted into the heating chamber.