Abstract: The present invention relates to a drying apparatus for evaporating volatile constituents from a starting material to be dried, to a process for producing an isocyanate using this drying apparatus and to the use of the drying apparatus for drying distillation bottoms streams, oil-containing waste, waste paint or coating materials, sewage sludges, mineral substances and coal slurries contaminated with organic compounds. In the drying apparatus the evaporated constituents (vapours) are passed into a condenser via a vapor dome and a vapor conduit. The drying apparatus has the feature that partial condensation of the vapours in the vapor dome and/or in the vapor conduit is intentionally allowed or induced during operation, and condensed constituents of the vapours are discharged from the drying apparatus via means installed for this purpose in the vapor dome and/or the vapour conduit.

Abstract: A process for quenching, in a quenching zone, a gaseous reaction mixture that includes a diisocyanate, phosgene and hydrogen chloride that is obtained in a reaction zone upstream of the quenching zone by phosgenation of a diamine in the gas phase. The process includes injecting a deposit preventing liquid in a deposit preventing zone located between the reaction zone and the quenching zone by passing the deposit preventing liquid through spray nozzles for the deposit preventing liquid at the entrance to the deposit preventing zone. Each spray nozzle for the deposit preventing liquid sprays the deposit preventing liquid (i) onto a wall segment of the deposit preventing zone that is adjacent to said spray nozzle for the deposit preventing liquid to produce a film of the deposit preventing liquid flowing along the wall, and/or (ii) to areas in a cross-sectional plane of the deposit preventing zone before the entrance to the quenching zone.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for quenching, in a quenching zone, a gaseous reaction mixture comprising a diisocyanate, phosgene and hydrogen chloride that is obtained in a reaction zone upstream of the quenching zone by phosgenation of a diamine in the gas phase, the process comprising injecting a deposit preventing liquid in a deposit preventing zone located between the reaction zone and the quenching zone by passing the deposit preventing liquid through spray nozzles for the deposit preventing liquid at the entrance to the deposit preventing zone, wherein each spray nozzle for the deposit preventing liquid sprays the deposit preventing liquid (i) onto a wall segment of the deposit preventing zone that is adjacent to said spray nozzle for the deposit preventing liquid to produce a film of the deposit preventing liquid flowing along the wall, and/or (ii) to areas in a cross-sectional plane of the deposit preventing zone before the entrance to the quenching zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing isocyanates by phosgenating the corresponding primary amines in the gas phase, wherein the raw gaseous reaction product mixture is cooled and partially condensed by being brought into contact with at least one flow of a quenching liquid, and using a part of the condensed reaction product mixture as a component, optionally the only component, of the at least one flow of the quenching liquid after an additional cooling process. The quenching liquid used in total comprises, based on the total mass, organic solvents in a proportion of maximally 25% by mass, and the remainder of up to 100% by mass consists of at least the isocyanate to be produced. Furthermore, the reaction product mixture components which are not condensed under the influence of the quenching liquid are freed of isocyanate components in a scrubber column, and a scrubber liquid- and isocyanate-containing liquid flow is obtained with, based on the total mass, a content of organic solvents of 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing isocyanates by phosgenating the corresponding primary amines in the gas phase, wherein the raw gaseous reaction product mixture is cooled and partially condensed by being brought into contact with at least one flow of a quenching liquid, and using a part of the condensed reaction product mixture as a component, optionally the only component, of the at least one flow of the quenching liquid after an additional cooling process. The quenching liquid used in total comprises, based on the total mass, organic solvents in a proportion of maximally 25% by mass, and the remainder of up to 100% by mass consists of at least the isocyanate to be produced. Furthermore, the reaction product mixture components which are not condensed under the influence of the quenching liquid are freed of isocyanate components in a scrubber column, and a scrubber liquid- and isocyanate-containing liquid flow is obtained with, based on the total mass, a content of organic solvents of 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of isocyanates by means of phosgenation of the corresponding primary amines in the gas phase, wherein the reactant flows of amine and phosgene are fed separately to a reactor through a pre-heated inert gas flow. Isocyanates within the sense of the invention are, in the broadest sense, all isocyanates whose corresponding amines can be substantially converted into the gas phase without decomposing, with the exception of 1,5-pentane diisocyanate.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of isocyanates by means of phosgenation of the corresponding primary amines in the gas phase, wherein the reactant flows of amine and phosgene are fed separately to a reactor through a pre-heated inert gas flow. Isocyanates within the sense of the invention are, in the broadest sense, all isocyanates whose corresponding amines can be substantially converted into the gas phase without decomposing, with the exception of 1,5-pentane diisocyanate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of toluene diisocyanate, in which the crude toluenediamine obtained from the hydrogenation is purified and then phosgenated. The purification step reduces the total amount of cyclic ketones to less than 0.1% by weight, based on 100% by weight of the toluenediamine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of Raney nickel catalysts. In this process, the melt of an alloy comprising from 40 to 95 wt. % aluminum, from 5 to 50 wt. % nickel, 0 to 20 wt. % iron, from 0 to 15 wt. % of one or more transition metals selected from the group consisting of cerium, cerium mixed metal, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum and manganese, and, optionally, additional glass-forming elements, is brought into contact with one or more rotating cooling rollers or cooling plates and is allowed to cool and solidify thereon. The cooling rollers have a surface structured by means of transverse grooves, and the cooling plates have a surface structured by means of grooves extending outwards from the axis of rotation. The rapidly solidified alloy on the cooling rollers or the cooling plates is then subjected to treatment with one or more organic or inorganic bases.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of toluene diisocyanate, in which the crude toluenediamine obtained from the hydrogenation is purified and then phosgenated. The purification step reduces the total amount of cyclic ketones to less than 0.1% by weight, based on 100% by weight of the toluenediamine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing 5-nitro-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-naphthalinone, 1,5-naphthalenediamine and 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate, in which 4-(2-nitrophenyl)-n-butyronitrile is converted to 4-(2-nitrophenyl)-n-butyric acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing 5-nitro-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-naphthalinone, 1,5-naphthalenediamine and 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate, in which 4-(2-nitrophenyl)-n-butyronitrile is converted to 4-(2-nitrophenyl)-n-butyric acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing 5-nitro-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-naphthalinone, 1,5-naphthalenediamine and 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate, in which 4-(2-nitrophenyl)-n-butyronitrile is converted to 4-(2-nitrophenyl)-n-butyric acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing 5-nitro-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-naphthalinone, 1,5-naphthalenediamine and 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate, in which 4-(2-nitrophenyl)-n-butyronitrile is converted to 4-(2-nitrophenyl)-n-butyric acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing 5-nitro-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-naphthalinone, 1,5-naphthalenediamine and 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate, in which 4-(2-nitrophenyl)-n-butyronitrile is converted to 4-(2-nitrophenyl)-n-butyric acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of Raney nickel catalysts. In this process, the melt of an alloy comprising from 40 to 95 wt. % aluminium, from 5 to 50 wt. % nickel, 0 to 20 wt. % iron, from 0 to 15 wt. % of one or more transition metals selected from the group consisting of cerium, cerium mixed metal, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum and manganese, and, optionally, additional glass-forming elements, is brought into contact with one or more rotating cooling rollers or cooling plates and is allowed to cool and solidify thereon. The cooling rollers have a surface structured by means of transverse grooves, and the cooling plates have a surface structured by means of grooves extending outwards from the axis of rotation. The rapidly solidified alloy on the cooling rollers or the cooling plates is then subjected to treatment with one or more organic or inorganic bases.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of 1,5-naphthalenediamine and to the intermediates 4-(2-nitrophenyl)butyronitrile, 5-nitro-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-naphthyl-imine, 5-nitroso-1-naphthylamine, 5-nitro-1-naphthylamine, 4-(2-aminophenyl)-butyronitrile, 5-amino-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-naphthalene imine, 4-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl butyrate and 4-(2-nitrophenyl)butyramide obtainable during the process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing 5-nitro-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-naphthalinone, 1,5-naphthalenediamine and 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate, in which 4-(2-nitrophenyl)-n-butyronitrile is converted to 4-(2-nitrophenyl)-n-butyric acid.

Abstract: 1,4-diaminonaphthalene and/or 1,5-diaminonaphthalene are produced by (a) reacting naphthalene with a halogen, (b) optionally, separating 1,4-dihalogen naphthalene or 1,5-dihalogen naphthalene from the mixture from step (a), and (c) reacting the mixture from step (a) or the 1,4-dihalogen naphthalene or the 1,5-dihalogen naphthalene from step (b) with ammonia and/or an organic amine in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: 1,4-diaminonaphthalene and/or 1,5-diaminonaphthalene are produced by (a) reacting naphthalene with a halogen, (b) optionally, separating 1,4-dihalogen naphthalene or 1,5-dihalogen naphthalene from the mixture from step (a), and (c) reacting the mixture from step (a) or the 1,4-dihalogen naphthalene or the 1,5-dihalogen naphthalene from step (b) with ammonia and/or an organic amine in the presence of a catalyst.