Abstract: The invention relates to transparent softening agents containing: (a) ester quaternaries, which are obtained by reacting alkanolamines with a mixture consisting of fatty acids and of dicarboxylic acids, whereby the resulting esters are optionally alkoxylated and subsequently quaternized in a known manner, and containing; (b) auxiliary agents selected from the group formed by: (b1) fatty acid amidoamines and/or quaternization products thereof; (b2) betaines; (b3) nonionic surfactants; (b4) polyols and/or derivatives thereof; (b5) alcohols and/or; (b6) hydrotropes.

Abstract: The invention relates to pearlescent water-containing preparations which can be obtained by (a) reacting triethanolamine and C12-22 fatty acids in a molar ratio of 1:1.3 to 1:1.4, (b) subsequently quaternizing the esterification products in known manner and (c) dispersing the quaternization products in water.

Abstract: A thickener composition containing a reaction product of a hydroxycarboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid and mixtures thereof, and a fatty alcohol polyglycol ether corresponding to formula I: R1O(CH2CH2O)nH  (I) wherein R1 is an alkyl and/or alkenyl group containing from 6 to 22 carbon atoms, and n is a number from 20 to 150.

Abstract: The invention relates to ester quaternary mixtures, containing (c) ester quaternaries with an acyl component which is derived from C6-C18 fatty acids and (d) ester quaternaries with an acyl component which is derived from C18-C22 fatty acids.

Abstract: The invention relates to transparent softening agents containing: (a) ester quaternaries, which are obtained by reacting alkanolamines with a mixture consisting of fatty acids and of dicarboxylic acids, whereby the resulting esters are optionally alkoxylated and subsequently quaternized in a known manner, and containing; (b) auxiliary agents selected from the group formed by: (b1) fatty acid amidoamines and/or quaternization products thereof; (b2) betaines; (b3) nonionic surfactants; (b4) polyols and/or derivatives thereof; (b5) alcohols and/or; (b6) hydrotropes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of esterquats in which triglycerides are transesterified with alkanolamines and the resulting fatty acid alkanolamine esters are subsequently quaternized with alkyl halides or dialkyl sulfates in the presence of solvents, characterized in that glycerol released during the transesterification is continuously removed from the reaction equilibrium.

Abstract: A process for the production of end-capped nonionic surfactants corresponding to formula (I): ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is an alkyl or alkenyl group containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms, n1 and n2 independently of one another represent 0 or a number from 1 to 10, m represents a number from 1 to 20 and R.sup.2 represents methyl or ethyl, by(a) etherifying a fatty alcohol polyglycol ether corresponding to formula (II): ##STR2## in which R.sup.1, n1, n2 and m are as defined above, with a dialkyl sulfate in the presence of a solid substantially water-free base and an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydride,(b) adding water to the crude ethers in such a quantity that phase separation occurs, and(c) removing the organic phase.

Abstract: The invention concerns aqueous surfactant concentrates having a solids content of between 35 and 65 wt % and containing (a1) alkyl oligoglycosides and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides; and/or (a2) fatty acid N-alkylpolyhydroxy alkylamides; and (b) betaine, in weight ratios of (a):(b) of between 10:90 and 90:10; wherein the pH of these concentrates is between 3.5 and 6.5.

Abstract: Cross-linked cationic polymers are prepared by alkylating a polyaminoalide with 5 to 30 mole percent, relative to the amount of nitrogen available for alkylation, of a quaternary ammonium alkylating agent and cross-linking the resulting alkylated polyaninoamide with a molar amount of epichlorohydrin corresponding to the non-quaternized nitrogen content. The cross-linked cationic polymers are suitable for use as wet-strength resins in the treatment of paper.

Abstract: A process for producing quaternized fatty acid triethanolamine ester salts having improved solubility in water, by esterifiying a fatty acid mixture containinga) 40% to 60% by weight of linear fatty acids containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms, andb) 60% to 40% by weight of branched fatty acids containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms,wherein the esterifying step is conducted with triethanolamine or ethylene oxide adducts of triethanolamine, and the resultant esters are then quaternized.

Abstract: The invention relates to new esterquats which are obtained by reacting trialkanolamines with a mixture of fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids and quaternizing the resulting esters in known manner, optionally after alkoxylation. Cationic surfactants are obtained which show particularly high ecotoxicological compatibility, provide synthetic and natural fibers with a pleasant feel and, at the same time, reduce electrostatic charging between the filaments.

Abstract: Esterquats based on natural fats and oils can be directly produced by subjecting fatty acid glyerine ester to ester interchange, in the presence of alkaline and/or alkaline earth boron hydrides and hypophosphoric acid or their alkaline and/or alkaline earth salts and possibly free fatty acid, with hydroxy-functionalised tertiary amines and quaternising the resultant products in the manner known per se.

Abstract: Process for the production of end-capped nonionic surfactants by forming an alcoholate between a fatty alcohol polyglycol ether and a solid base, reacting the alcoholate with a dialkyl sulfate, adding water to initiate phase separation, and separating the organic layer from the aqueous layer.

Abstract: Methyl-end-capped alkyl and/or alkenyl polyglycol ethers; a process for their production by methylation of products of the addition of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide to primary alcohols; to formulations containing these substances; and to the use of the substances for the production of surface-active formulations.

Abstract: A process for the production of a solid esterquat free from solvents comprising the steps ofA) forming a mixture comprising(i) at least one fatty acid triethanolamine ester corresponding to formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 CO is a saturated and/or unsaturated acyl radical containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently of one another represent hydrogen or have the same meaning as R.sup.1 CO, and n, m and p together stand for O or for a number of from 1 to 10;(ii) at least one fatty alcohol polyglycol ether, and(iii) at least one fatty acid partial glyceride; andB) adding an alkylating agent to the above mixture to form said solid esterquat.

Abstract: A process for the production of color- and odor-stable quaternized fatty acid triethanolamine ester salts comprising the steps ofA) partially or fully esterifying triethanolamine with at least one fatty acid in the presence of hypophosphorous acid;B) adding a peroxide compound and an alkali metal boranate to the esterification product from step A); andC) quaternizing the esterification product with an alkyl halide, a (di)alkyl sulfate or an alkylene oxide in the presence of a phenol derivative and a hydroxycarboxylic acid.

Abstract: Described are detergent mixtures containing (a) quaternarized fatty-acid alkanolamine esters of formula (I), in which R.sup.1 CO is an aliphatic acyl group with 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0 or 1 double bonds, Z is an ethylene or isopropylene group, EO is a CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O-- unit, (m+n+p) is a number from 1 to 10 and X is a halide, a methosulphate or an alkylphosphate anion, plus (b) other anionic, non-ionic and/or amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants. Such mixtures have a high foaming power, are easily concentrated and have a long shelf life.

Abstract: Esters of fatty acids with ethoxylated polyols are prepared by (a) ethoxylating polyols in the presence of basic catalysts at high temperatures with 80 to 150 moles ethylene oxide per mol polyol and then (b) reacting the reaction product with 1 to 1.3 moles fatty acids per mole of hydroxyl groups contained in the original polyol, in the presence of acid catalysts. These esters are useful as thickeners of aqueous solutions of surface active agents.