Abstract: This invention provides compositions and methods for increasing cellular respiration of melanized catecholamine neurons, and methods for alleviating symptoms or stopping appearance and/or progression of symptoms of Parkinson's disease and related conditions, characterized by nigrostriatal degeneration, as well as drug-induced dyskinesias, tardive dyskinesia, Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. An effective amount of a neuromelanin-binding composition having a quinoline ring in a suitable pharmaceutical carrier is administered to patient in need of such treatment. Preferably the composition comprises (−)-chloroquine diphosphate. Selected adjuvants are also provided as part of the compositions of this invention.

Abstract: This invention provides compositions and methods for increasing cellular respiration of melanized catecholamine neurons, and methods for alleviating symptoms or stopping appearance and/or progression of symptoms of Parkinson's disease and related conditions, characterized by nigrostriatal degeneration. An effective amount of a neuromelanin-binding composition having a quinoline ring in a suitable pharmaceutical carrier is administered to patient in need of such treatment. Preferably the composition comprises (−)-chloroquine. Selected adjuvants are also provided as part of the compositions of this invention.

Abstract: This invention provides compositions and methods for increasing cellular respiration of melanized catecholamine neurons, and methods for alleviating symptoms or stopping appearance and/or progression of symptoms of Parkinson's Disease, and methods for preventing symptoms of on-off syndrome associated with treatment with dopamine or a dopamine agonist of a patient suffering symptoms of a disease selected from the group consisting of idiopathic and atypical Parkinson's disease, conditions characterized by nigrostriatal degeneration and multiple system atrophy, said methods comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of a neuromelanin-binding composition having a quinoline ring in a suitable pharmaceutical carrier. Preferably the composition comprises (−)-chloroquine.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for the treatment of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and tardive dyskinesia are provided. Compositions include 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and its analogs, and/or pyridinium ions thereof, administered in amounts sufficient to reduce dopamine levels in subcortical areas of the brain without causing symptoms of Parkinson's disease. One course of treatment can result in permanent or long-term amelioration of symptoms.