Abstract: An observation device having an observation reservoir having an axial thickness and defining an observation volume. The observation reservoir has an observation wall extending through the observation reservoir, where the observation wall is transparent to one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy. A microporous membrane extends laterally across and abuts the observation volume and the observation wall.

Abstract: Tapes, expanded tapes, and methods of making the same. The tapes and expanded tapes include long-strand PTFE fibrils, short-strand PTFE fibrils, and an oriented network. The oriented network includes nodes. The nodes include active particles and short-strand PTFE fibrils distributed among the active particles.

Abstract: Tapes, expanded tapes, and methods of making the same. The tapes and expanded tapes include long-strand PTFE fibrils, short-strand PTFE fibrils, and an oriented network. The oriented network includes nodes. The nodes include short-strand PTFE fibrils.

Abstract: Porous ePTFE articles coated with a hydrophilic coating are provided. The coating may be modified by covalent modifications to the PVOH coating. Covalent modifications may include small molecule grafting, polymer grafting to or from the PVOH backbone, modifying the PVAc precursor of the PVOH, crosslinking of the polymer via thermal or photochemistry, crosslinking of the polymer with a multifunctional crosslinking agent, and the like, and combinations thereof.