Abstract: Methods of making basic aluminum halides, such as basic aluminum chlorides, are described, which includes the use of catalysts, such as nickel cations or cobalt cations.

Abstract: Methods of making basic aluminum halides, such as basic aluminum chlorides, are described, which includes the use of catalysts, such as nickel cations or cobalt cations.

Abstract: Methods for recycling cement kiln dust are described and involve heating a mixture containing at least one additive, water, and cement kiln dust for a sufficient time and at sufficient temperatures to form cement clinker. The additive contains an organic polyacid, a hydroxy carboxylic acid, a polycarboxylic acid, a saccharide, a carbohydrate, a salt thereof, or combinations thereof. A cement slurry containing water, cement kiln dust, and the above-described additive is also described as well as apparatus for recycling the cement kiln dust.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method to inhibit bacteria from adhering to a submergible surface. The method contacts the submergible surface with an effective amount of at least one N-alkyl heterocyclic compound to inhibit bacterial adhesion to the submergible surface. The present invention also relates to a method for controlling biofouling of an aqueous system. This method adds an effective amount of at least one N-alkyl heterocyclic compound to inhibit bacteria from adhering to a submerged surface within the aqueous system. This method effectively controls biofouling without substantially killing the fouling organisms. The N-alkyl heterocyclic compound used in the method of the invention has the following formula: ##STR1## The substituent R.sup.1 is a C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 alkyl group. The heterocyclic ring is a 5-8 membered heterocyclic ring where X is O, NH, or CH.sub.2. R.sup.2 is methyl, hydroxymethyl, or hydroxyethyl. The integer n ranges from 0 to 3.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method to inhibit bacteria from adhering to a submergible surface. The method contacts the submergible surface with an effective amount of at least one fluorosurfactant to inhibit bacterial adhesion to the submergible surface. The present invention also relates to a method for controlling biofouling of an aqueous system. This method adds an effective amount of at least one fluorosurfactant to inhibit bacteria from adhering to a submerged surface within the aqueous system. This method effectively controls biofouling without substantially killing the bacteria fouling organisms. The fluorosurfactant used in the method of the invention is an anionic or nonionic fluorosurfactant selected from: R.sub.f CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 SCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 Li, (R.sub.f CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O)P(O) (ONH.sub.4).sub.2, (R.sub.f CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.2 P(O) (ONH.sub.4), (R.sub.f CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O)P(O) (OH).sub.2, (R.sub.f CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.2 P(O) (OH), R.sub.f CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O (CH.

Abstract: Method for enhancing the removal of particles from a particle-laden gas stream utilizing an electrostatic precipitator, which comprises treating the gas with morpholine or derivatives thereof. Treated particles are found to also have desirable flow characteristics. Particularly effective compositions for the purpose comprise a combination of the morpholine, or derivative thereof, with an electrostatic precipitator efficiency enhancer, and in particular an alkanolamine.

Abstract: An improved method for inhibiting sulfite oxidation in scrubber liquor of the type containing sulfite species is disclosed. A topping agent selected from the group consisting of polyphosphate compounds, and organo-phosphonic acid compounds, and mixtures thereof, is added to the scrubbing liquor to supplement and enhance the antioxidant activity of sulfite antioxidant agents such as the linear polyethyleneamines and substituted secondary and tertiary aromatic amines.

Abstract: A method for reducing the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate in a sulfite-containing aqueous medium is disclosed and comprises adding to the medium water-soluble polyethyleneamine having at least one secondary amine and two primary amines.

Abstract: A method for passing an additive comprising morpholine across gas stream in an electrostatic precipitator to improve particle removal.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for improving operation of an electrostatic precipitator. By adding free base amino alcohol to a particle-laden gas being treated by the precipitator, the efficiency of particle removal is significantly enhanced.