Abstract: A thermal battery can include: an anode of lithium alloy; a metal-fluoride cathode having Ni; and an electrolyte composition in contact with the anode and cathode. The electrolyte composition can be a tertiary electrolyte composition of LiF—LiCl—Li2SO4. A thermal battery can also include: an anode of lithium alloy; a metal-fluoride cathode having an oxide selected from V2O5 or LiVO3; and an electrolyte composition in contact with the anode and cathode. In one aspect, a metal of the metal fluoride cathode includes Ni, Fe, V, Cr, Mn, Co, or mixture thereof. In one aspect, the metal-fluoride cathode includes NiF2, FeF3, VF3, CrF3, MnF3, CoF3, or a mixture thereof. A method of providing electricity can include: providing an electronic device having a thermal battery with a metal-fluoride cathode having Ni and/or having an oxide selected from V2O5 or LiVO3; and discharging the thermal battery to provide electricity.

Abstract: Some embodiments are directed to a dual activation mode thermal battery for powering a load. The thermal battery can include a first power source activable upon receiving mechanical energy. The thermal battery can also include a second power source activable through one of the electrical power produced by the first power source and external electrical stimuli, the second power source is configured to, upon activation provide a voltage for powering the load, wherein the first power source and the second power source are thermally and electrically isolated and the initiator thermal energy output from one initiator is prevented from initiating the other power source directly.

Abstract: A thermal battery can include: an anode of lithium alloy; a metal-fluoride cathode having Ni; and an electrolyte composition in contact with the anode and cathode. A thermal battery can also include: an anode of lithium alloy; a metal-fluoride cathode having an oxide selected from V2O5 or LiVO3; and an electrolyte composition in contact with the anode and cathode. In one aspect, a metal of the metal fluoride cathode includes Ni, Fe, V, Cr, Mn, Co, or mixture thereof. In one aspect, the metal-fluoride cathode includes NiF2, FeF3, VF3, CrF3, MnF3, CoF3, or a mixture thereof. A method of providing electricity can include: providing an electronic device having a thermal battery with a metal-fluoride cathode having Ni and/or having an oxide selected from V2O5 or LiVO3; and discharging the thermal battery to provide electricity.

Abstract: A thermal battery can include: an anode of lithium alloy; a metal-fluoride cathode having Ni; and an electrolyte composition in contact with the anode and cathode. A thermal battery can also include: an anode of lithium alloy; a metal-fluoride cathode having an oxide selected from V2O5 or LiVO3; and an electrolyte composition in contact with the anode and cathode. In one aspect, a metal of the metal fluoride cathode includes Ni, Fe, V, Cr, Mn, Co, or mixture thereof. In one aspect, the metal-fluoride cathode includes NiF2, FeF3, VF3, CrF3, MnF3, CoF3, or a mixture thereof. A method of providing electricity can include: providing an electronic device having a thermal battery with a metal-fluoride cathode having Ni and/or having an oxide selected from V2O5 or LiVO3; and discharging the thermal battery to provide electricity.

Abstract: Some embodiments are directed to a dual activation mode thermal battery for powering a load. The thermal battery can include a first power source activable upon receiving mechanical energy. The thermal battery can also include a second power source activable through one of the electrical power produced by the first power source and external electrical stimuli, the second power source is configured to, upon activation provide a voltage for powering the load, wherein the first power source and the second power source are thermally and electrically isolated and the initiator thermal energy output from one initiator is prevented from initiating the other power source directly.