Abstract: Method of producing alkylates in which an isoparaffin, olefin, a diffusing agent and a solid, acid catalyst are combined to form a three phase reaction mixture; a hydrocarbon phase containing primarily isoparaffin, a diffusing agent phase containing the diffusing agent, olefin and diffuse isoparaffin and a solid, acid catalyst phase, the diffusing agent being a polar solvent in which the olefin and aromatics are soluble.

Abstract: A fluidized catalytic riser cracking process is disclosed wherein a quench stream, preferably water or steam, is injected downstream of the riser reactor outlet to decrease the residence time and temperature of a majority of the hydrocarbons in a reactor vessel accepting a riser reactor effluent.

Abstract: A countercurrent technique is disclosed for contacting liquid and gas reactants in a fixed porous catalyst bed. The reactants are maintained as a multiphase mixture in the catalyst bed. Upwardly flowing dispersed gas is disengaged from liquid feedstock above the catalyst bed, while controlling froth level.

Abstract: A crossflow reactor and operating technique provides a porous body of contact solids, such as a fixed catalyst bed, contained in a sloping configuration. Liquid, such as hydrocarbon oil, to be treated is applied to the bed surface and flows by gravity through the porous solid. Reactant gas flows transverse to the liquid, providing a horizontal component to the liquid to improve contact efficiency.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing distillate and/or lubes employs integrating catalytic (or thermal) dehydrogenation of paraffins with MOGDL. The process feeds the product from a low temperature propane and/or butane dehydrogenation zone into a first catalytic reactor zone, which operates at low pressure and contains zeolite oligomerization catalysts, where the low molecular weight olefins are reacted to primarily gasoline range materials. These gasoline range materials can then be pressurized to the pressure required for reacting to distillate in a second catalytic reactor zone operating at high pressure and containing a zeolite oligomerization catalyst. The distillate is subsequently sent to a hydrotreating unit and product separation zone to form lubes and other finished products.

Abstract: The burning characteristics of a relatively hydrogen deficient fuel are improved by physically mixing with, but not dissolving in, the fuel a light hydrogen rich vapor, such as hydrogen and/or methane, ethane, etc.

Abstract: Decreasing the viscosity of and improving the atomizing and burning characteristics of a hydrogen deficient fuel by dissolving a light, hydrogen rich hydrocarbon in the fuel.

Abstract: Catalytic dewaxing of hydrocarbon oils is effected with intermediate hydrotreating. A continuous multi-bed technique employs alternating beds of dewaxing and hydrogenation catalysts to improve process performance, whereby partially dewaxed effluent is treated to decrease coke deposits.

Abstract: A method for the recovery of viscous oil from a subterranean formation penetrated by an injection well and a spaced-apart production well by first injecting sufficient steam into the formation via the injection well to displace oil in the formation immediately surrounding the injection well away from the well into the formation and then injecting a mixture of an oxygen-containing gas and steam wherein the ratio of molecular oxygen in the oxygen-containing gas to steam is maintained at a value in the range of 360 to 1800 SCF of oxygen per barrel of steam (cold water equivalent).

Abstract: A countercurrent continuous catalytic reactor system for treating a liquid phase, such as oil, with a gaseous reactant.An enclosed reactor shell contains a fixed porous bed of solid catalyst, upper liquid inlet device for introducing a stream of liquid substantially above the catalyst bed for downward gravity flow through the bed, and lower liquid outlet device for withdrawing treated liquid from the reactor shell. A gaseous reactant is dispersed through the liquid phase in intimate contact with the solid catalyst, and withdrawn above the catalyst bed.Level detector apparatus is disposed in a froth zone above the catalyst bed for detecting level of a mixed gas-liquid froth.Fluid handling control apparatus responsive to a level signal controls fluid stream flow for regulating froth level above the catalyst bed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for producing distillate and/or lubes which employ integrating catalytic (or thermal) dehydrogenation of paraffins with MOGDL. The process feeds the product from a low temperature propane and/or butane dehydrogenation zone into a first catalytic reactor zone, which operates at low pressure and contains zeolite oligomerization catalysts, where the low molecular weight olefins are reacted to primarily gasoline range materials. These gasoline range materials can then be pressurized to the pressure required for reacting to distillate in a second catalytic reactor zone operating at high pressure and containing a zeolite oligomerization catalyst. The distillate is subsequently sent to a hydrotreating unit and product separation zone to form lubes and other finished products.

Abstract: In a fluid catalytic cracking process comprising admixing a hydrocarbon oil feed with hot regenerated catalyst in the bottom section of a reactor riser, passing the mixture of the hydrocarbon oil feed and the catalyst through the riser, thereby at least partially volatilizing the oil feed and effecting cracking thereof at the process temperature under endothermic process conditions and deactivating the catalyst by deposition of carbonaceous deposits thereon, separating the deactivated catalyst from the cracked hydrocarbonaceous feed, passing the deactivated catalyst to a regenerator vessel wherein the carbonaceous deposits are removed from the deactivated catalyst under exothermic process conditions by means of a regenerating medium introduced into the regenerator vessel, and passing the regenerated hot catalyst substantially above process cracking temperature to the bottom section of the reactor riser; the improvement comprisingcontinuously injecting liquid oil feed into a primary mixing zone in a venturi tu

Abstract: A methanol-to-gasoline conversion process in which the conversion is conducted in a number of reactors which are fed directly by the charge, preferably in equal proportions. A diluent gas, preferably recycled light hydrocarbons separated from the product, is passed in sequence through each of the beds to carry away the heat of reaction. In this way, a high effective recycle ratio is maintained in each bed although the actual recycle ratio for the entire system is low.

Abstract: Modifying a heat balanced operating fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) system to utilize a platinum group metal modified cracking catalyst, whereby increasing the heat generated in the exothermic regeneration of coked catalyst, and to provide a regenerated catalyst heat exchange cooler to permit adjustment of cracking conditions independent of the extra heat produced in the regeneration of catalyst.

Abstract: Modifying a heat balanced operating fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) system to utilize a platinum group metal modified cracking catalyst, whereby increasing the heat generated in the exothermic regeneration of coked catalyst, and to provide a regenerated catalyst heat exchange cooler to permit adjustment of cracking conditions independent of the extra heat produced in the regeneration of catalyst.