Abstract: A roofing system includes a plurality of insulation boards adapted for overlying a roof deck to form a layer of insulation, and a plurality of cover boards adapted for overlying the layer of insulation. Each insulation board includes a foam material that includes polyisocyanurate or polyurethane, the foam material having a first density. Each cover board includes a material including polyisocyanurate or polyurethane, the material having a second density greater than the first. The roofing system may further include a waterproofing membrane adapted for overlying the cover boards. The insulation boards and cover boards may include facers on top or bottom surfaces.

Abstract: A roofing system includes a layer of insulation boards overlying a roof deck, and a layer of cover boards overlying the insulation boards. The insulation boards include a polyisocyanurate or polyurethane foam material that has a first density. The cover boards include a polyisocyanurate or polyurethane material that has a second density. The second density is greater than the first. The roofing system may also include a waterproofing membrane overlying the cover boards.

Abstract: A prefabricated roofing panel composite includes a prefabricated cover board having a high-density polymer or predominantly polymer material core layer having a density between 6 lbs/ft3 and 25 lbs/ft3 and an insulation board that has a low-density polymer or predominantly polymer material foam core layer having a density less than or equal to about 2 lbs/ft3. The cover board may have a waterproofing membrane forming the top major surface of the cover board. The low-density foam core layer of the insulation board may be formed with the high-density core layer of the cover board being currently or subsequently formed over and bonded to a top major surface of the low-density foam core layer in the same operation or preformed insulation boards may be fed into a production line with the high-density core layer of the cover board being formed over and bonded to top major surfaces of the low-density foam core layers of the insulation boards.

Abstract: A cover board composite for overlying insulation of a roofing system includes a high-density core layer that is at least predominantly of a polymer material, a facer overlying and bonded to a bottom major surface of the core layer, and a reinforcement interposed between the facer and the bottom major surface of the core layer to coincide with a fastener pattern for securing the cover board composite to a roof deck and increase a per-fastener wind-uplift pull through rating for the cover board composite.

Abstract: A roofing system includes a layer of insulation boards overlying a roof deck, and a layer of cover boards overlying the insulation boards. The insulation boards include a polyisocyanurate or polyurethane foam material that has a first density. The cover boards include a polyisocyanurate or polyurethane material that has a second density. The second density is greater than the first. The roofing system may also include a waterproofing membrane overlying the cover boards.

Abstract: A prefabricated cover board has a high-density polymer or predominantly polymer material core layer having a density between 4 lbs/ft3 and 25 lbs/ft3. A prefabricated roofing panel composite includes the cover board and an insulation board that has a low-density polymer or predominantly polymer material foam core layer preferably having a density less than 2.5 lbs/ft3. The cover board may have a waterproofing membrane forming the top major surface of the cover board. When making the roofing panel composite, the low-density foam core layer of the insulation board may be formed with the high-density core layer of the cover board being currently or subsequently formed over and bonded to a top major surface of the low-density foam core layer in the same operation or preformed insulation boards may be fed into a production line with the high-density core layer of the cover board being formed over and bonded to top major surfaces of the low-density foam core layers of the insulation boards.

Abstract: A prefabricated cover board has a high-density polymer or predominantly polymer material core layer having a density between 6 lbs/ft3 and 25 lbs/ft3. A prefabricated roofing panel composite includes the cover board and an insulation board that has a low-density polymer or predominantly polymer material foam core layer having a density less than 6 lbs/ft3. The cover board may have a waterproofing membrane forming the top major surface of the cover board. When making the roofing panel composite, the low-density foam core layer of the insulation board may be formed with the high-density core layer of the cover board being currently or subsequently formed over and bonded to a top major surface of the low-density foam core layer in the same operation or preformed insulation boards may be fed into a production line with the high-density core layer of the cover board being formed over and bonded to top major surfaces of the low-density foam core layers of the insulation boards.

Abstract: A prefabricated cover board has a high-density polymer or predominantly polymer material core layer having a density between 6 lbs/ft3 and 25 lbs/ft3. A prefabricated roofing panel composite includes the cover board and an insulation board that has a low-density polymer or predominantly polymer material foam core layer having a density less than 6 lbs/ft3. The cover board may have a waterproofing membrane forming the top major surface of the cover board. When making the roofing panel composite, the low-density foam core layer of the insulation board may be formed with the high-density core layer of the cover board being currently or subsequently formed over and bonded to a top major surface of the low-density foam core layer in the same operation or preformed insulation boards may be fed into a production line with the high-density core layer of the cover board being formed over and bonded to top major surfaces of the low-density foam core layers of the insulation boards.

Abstract: A rolled sheet product, the sheet product comprising a top layer and a bottom layer, the top layer being less ductile than the bottom layer, and the top layer facing outward in the rolled sheet product. A method of packaging a sheet product comprising a top layer and a bottom layer, the top layer being less ductile than the bottom layer, comprising winding the sheet product into a roll such that the top layer faces outward.

Abstract: A prefabricated roofing panel composite includes a prefabricated cover board having a high-density polymer or predominantly polymer material core layer having a density between 6 lbs/ft3 and 25 lbs/ft3 and an insulation board that has a low-density polymer or predominantly polymer material foam core layer having a density less than or equal to about 2 lbs/ft3. The cover board may have a waterproofing membrane forming the top major surface of the cover board. The low-density foam core layer of the insulation board may be formed with the high-density core layer of the cover board being currently or subsequently formed over and bonded to a top major surface of the low-density foam core layer in the same operation or preformed insulation boards may be fed into a production line with the high-density core layer of the cover board being formed over and bonded to top major surfaces of the low-density foam core layers of the insulation boards.

Abstract: A roofing membrane temperature indicator is provided for preventing the installation of a roofing membrane or roofing membranes at a temperature below a minimum recommended installation temperature for the roofing membrane(s) and/or a minimum recommended installation temperature for the roofing membrane(s) for a particular installation procedure. The membrane temperature indicator is visibly associated with the roofing membrane(s) and includes a thermochromic indicator having a first color at temperatures below a designated temperature and a second color visibly different from the first color at and above the designated temperature. The designated temperature at which the color of the membrane indicator changes is at or above a minimum recommended installation temperature for the roofing membrane(s) and/or a minimum recommended installation temperature for the roofing membrane(s) for a particular installation procedure.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions comprising mixtures of papain and bromelain, combined with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, for treating viral-induced skin lesions. The present invention further provides methods of treating viral-induced skin lesions by administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of papain and bromelain.

Abstract: A method is disclosed that improves the operation of fuel combustion systems utilizing particulate filters. The method includes the combustion of a fuel emulsion in a fuel combustion system having a particulate filter. The fuel emulsion may comprise water and a fuel with the emulsion including a metal-containing compound, such as, for example, a manganese-containing compound.

Abstract: A latch device for a cover member includes a box body having at least of a pair of walls and an upside opening, a cover member that is mounted on the box body to enable the upside opening to be opened and closed, a handle member mounted on the cover member such that the handle member may rotate. The handle member includes a pair of claws formed at both ends of the cover member; and latch holes formed in the walls of the box body such that the pair of claws are engaged with the latch holes.

Abstract: A method is disclosed that improves the operation of fuel combustion systems utilizing particulate filters. The method includes the combustion of a fuel emulsion in a fuel combustion system having a particulate filter. The fuel emulsion may comprise water and a fuel with the emulsion including a metal-containing compound, such as, for example, a manganese-containing compound.

Abstract: A latch device for a cover member includes a box body having at least of a pair of walls and an upside opening, a cover member that is mounted on the box body to enable the upside opening to be opened and closed, a handle member mounted on the cover member such that the handle member may rotate. The handle member includes a pair of claws formed at both ends of the cover member; and latch holes formed in the walls of the box body such that the pair of claws are engaged with the latch holes.