Abstract: A method for use in recognizing speech in which signals are accepted corresponding to interspersed speech elements including text elements corresponding to text to be recognized and command elements to be executed. The elements are recognized. Modification procedures are executed in response to recognized predetermined ones of the command elements. The modification procedures include refraining from training speech models when the modification procedures do not correct a speech recognition error. In another aspect, the modification procedures include simultaneously modifying previously recognized ones of the text elements.

Abstract: A tutorial instructs how to use a word recognition system, such as one for speech recognition. It specifies a set of allowed response words for each of a plurality of states. It sends messages on how to use the recognizer in certain states, and, in others, presents exercises in which the user is to enter signals representing expected words. It scores each such signal against word models to select which response word corresponds to it, and then advances to a state associated with that selected response. This scoring is performed against a large vocabulary even though only a small number of responses are allowed, and the signal is rejected if too many non-allowed words score better than any allowed word. The system comes with multiple sets of standard signal models; it scores each against a given user's signals, selects the set which scores best, and then performs adaptive and batch training upon that set.

Abstract: A switching array as described for connecting ones of a plurality of data sources to ones of a plurality of data sinks. The array includes source data busses which transmit from a connected source, data words, a connection mask and a connection designator. The connection mask has bit positions that map to individual data sinks. A multiplexer/control circuit module is associated with each individual data sink for controlling the interconnection of the data sink to a source data bus. Each multiplexer/control circuit module is connected to each source data bus and is responsive to an active state connection mask bit and a connection designator on a first source data bus, to establish a connection between an associated sink and the first source data bus. This configuration enables the multiplexer/control circuit module to establish a connection without reference to any other multiplexer/control circuit.

Abstract: A multiple node network is described wherein messages are transmitted between source and intermediate nodes to a destination node, the network including a message progress reporting system which employs a status word that enables the source node to determine a message's progress. Each parent node comprises a status word register for reporting a status word that indicates the progress of the message. The parent node further includes a routing mechanism for receiving a status word from a child node that indicates the message's progress in the child node and at succeeding nodes thereafter. The routing mechanism updates the status word in the status word register in accordance with the received status word.

Abstract: An inter-nodal communication system employs full duplex transmission links to connect asynchronously operating nodes. Links between nodes are quiesced to a no-current flow state in the absence of message traffic. The system employs a communication protocol that incorporates time-outs which (1) enable a broken link to be detected at the inception of a message and (2) prevent a receiver from listening to a link which has been quiesced by a transmitter at the other end of a link that is shutting-off. All synchronization messages in the inter-nodal communication network are carried by data links and no additional communication wires are required.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for transmitting control information in a multidimensional computer network are disclosed herein. A multidimensional computer network consists of a number of homogeneous or heterogeneous processing sites, called nodes. All that is required of a node is that it be able to receive data blocks from other nodes and send data blocks to other nodes. Interconnecting the nodes are links which connect the nodes in a regular or irregular pattern. The invention applies to multidimensional, or parallel, networks as well as to single dimensional networks where only one path exists between any two nodes. The invention improves upon the prior art by stealing bandwidth from the data transmission facilities on demand without requiring prior reservation of a fixed amount of bandwidth. The bandwidth is used to transmit control information in small data transmissions.

Abstract: A data processing system includes both volatile and nonvolatile memories, user-inaccessible file control software and performs a method for recovering from a malfunction occurring during a file transaction that prevents accomplished microscopic transactions from being lost.

Abstract: A multi-dimensional, multi-nodal routing mechanism is described for relaying information from node to node using a header consisting of route descriptor bits. Each node's receiver/transmitter pair changes states as the information is guided to the destination node. The message is propagated over several nodes simultaneously to traverse the nodes and reach the destination node quickly. When the final node is reached, all alternate communication routes are freed.