Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating multiple ultra-fast (picosecond-range) electrical sampling apertures and pulses in response to a slewed control signal is disclosed. In one embodiment a series or sequence of sampling apertures are formed for sampling an input signal without the use of delay lines. In another embodiment, the input to be sampled is incrementally delayed to generate signals along a delay line. The delayed signals are simultaneously sampled in a sampling window to obtain a group of samples of an input signal at the same time. In another embodiment, a series or sequence of ultra-fast pulses are formed in an output signal without using delay lines. Parallel and serial sampler/pulser circuitry are disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating multiple ultra-fast (picosecond-range) electrical sampling apertures and pulses in response to a slewed control signal is disclosed. In one embodiment a series or sequence of sampling apertures are formed for sampling an input signal without the use of delay lines. In another embodiment, the input to be sampled is incrementally delayed to generate signals along a delay line. The delayed signals are simultaneously sampled in a sampling window to obtain a group of samples of an input signal at the same time. In another embodiment, a series or sequence of ultra-fast pulses are formed in an output signal without using delay lines. Parallel and serial sampler/pulser circuitry are disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating ultra-fast (picosecond-range) electrical sampling apertures and pulses, requiring only a single transition of a control signal, is disclosed. Implemented in a novel circuit architecture that is suited to fabrication as a low-cost monolithic integrated circuit, the method produces more stable, more reproducible, and more precisely shaped sampling apertures and pulses, with lower power usage and cost, than conventional techniques. The combination of speed and reproducibility enabled by the invention allows the integration of large numbers of virtually identical fast sampling apertures or pulse generators on a single IC, enabling single-shot capture of such a rapid sequence of samples that even a single cycle of a very fast, microwave frequency, electronic waveform may be precisely sampled at multiple points.

Abstract: A device for non-contact, non-invasive measurement of current or power in a wire, cable or conductor includes a small coil having multiple turns and no ferromagnetic core. The coil may be secured to a wand or housing adapted to be used to place the coil in close proximity to the wire, cable or conductor, whereby a voltage is induced in the coil. An amplifier may be utilized to increase sensitivity. A readout indicates the magnitude of the induced voltage, and a scaling device renders the readout display indicative of the current or power in the wire, cable, or conductor. To measure direct current flow, the coil may be vibrated or rotated adjacent to the conductor to cause the magnetic field to induce a voltage in the coil. The readout may comprise a digital display, a series of light emitting devices, or a flashing light emitting device having a flash rate proportional to the magnitude of the voltage. The device may be constructed in a wand or pen-like fashion, with the coil incorporated into the wand.

Abstract: A device for non-contact, non-invasive measurement of current or power in a wire, cable or conductor includes a small coil having multiple turns with a thin ferromagnetic strip. The coil may be secured to a wand or housing adapted to be used to place the coil in close proximity to the wire, cable or conductor, whereby a voltage is induced in the coil. An amplifier and or an analog or digital signal processor is utilized to increase sensitivity. A readout indicates the magnitude of the induced voltage, and a scaling device renders the readout display indicative of the current or power in the wire, cable, or conductor. The readout may comprise a digital display, a series of light emitting devices, an oscilloscope, a digital computer display system, or a flashing light emitting device having a flash rate proportional to the magnitude of the voltage. The device may be constructed in a wand or pen-like fashion, with the coil and strip incorporated into the wand.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing non-contacting measurements of the voltage, current and power levels of conductive elements such as wires, cables and the like includes an arrangement of capacitive sensors for generating a first current in response to variation in voltage of a conductive element. Each sensor is positioned in an electric field of the conductive element, and is thereby coupled to the conductive element through a coupling capacitance. A reference source drives the capacitive sensor arrangement at a reference frequency so as to induce the flow of a reference current therethrough. A measurement network is disposed to calculate the coupling capacitance based on a measurement of the reference current, and to then determine the voltage in the conductive element based on the first current and the coupling capacitance.

Abstract: Flow rates across a flat panel are determined in a non-intrusive manner by a novel technique involving the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). NMR signals requiring two or more time-spaced nuclear spin excitations are generated in a selective manner, whereby at least two of the excitations are confined to preselected tomographic regions which are non-coextensive in the direction of flow, i.e., at least a portion of each region lies outside the other. The relative positions of the volumes ranges from a partial overlap to a complete separation with a gap in between. Flow detection is derived from signals reflecting movement from one such region to the other during the interval of time between the excitations. Quantitative or qualitative flow data may be obtained, including full range velocity distributions for systems where a range of velocities is present. The process is readily combined with known NMR imaging techniques to provide a two-dimensional array of flow data.