Abstract: A technique for determining the number of constraints on, or topological dimension of, a set of input data produced by a nonlinear system, such as a pathological vocal or econometric system. The technique characterizes the tangent space about a predetermined base point by identifying a maximal set of non-redundant nonlinear fits to the data. It needs only a few data points and only assumes that the functional form of the true constraints is smooth. Each fit is equivalent to a set of contours, with the data lying along the zero-value contour. For each fit, the gradient at the base point in the uphill direction identifies the constraint direction. The number of linearly independent constraint directions provides the number of constraints near the base point. The remaining unconstrained directions define the tangent space, which has a dimensionality equal to the number of linearly independent unconstrained directions.

Abstract: A technique for determining the number of constraints on a set of input data, or equivalently the topological dimension, especially when such data are produced by a nonlinear system, such as a pathological vocal system or econometric data and the like. The technique characterizes the tangent space about a predetermined base point by identifying a maximal set of non-redundant nonlinear fits to the data. It needs only a modest number of data points and does not assume prior knowledge of the functional form of the true constraints, other than smoothness. Each fit is equivalent to a set of contours (including curves, surfaces, and other manifolds), with the data themselves all lying along the zero-value contour of the fit. For each fit, the gradient of the fit at the base point in the uphill direction across the contours identifies the constraint direction.

Abstract: A technique for separating an acoustic signal into a voiced (V) component corresponding to an electrolaryngeal source and an unvoiced (U) component corresponding to a turbulence source. The technique can be used to improve the quality of electrolaryngeal speech, and may be adapted for use in a special purpose telephone. A method according to the invention extracts a segment of consecutive values from the original stream of numerical values, and performs a discrete Fourier transform on the this first group of values. Next, a second group of values is extracted from components of the discrete Fourier transform result which correspond to an electrolaryngeal fixed repetition rate, F0, and harmonics thereof. An inverse-Fourier transform is applied to the second group of values, to produce a representation of a segment of the V component. Multiple V component segments are then concatenated to form a V component sample stream.

Abstract: A technique for determining the number of constraints on a set of input data, or equivalently the topological dimension, especially when such data are produced by a nonlinear system, such as a pathological vocal system or econometric data and the like. The technique characterizes the tangent space about a predetermined base point by identifying a maximal set of non-redundant nonlinear fits to the data. It needs only a modest number of data points and does not assume prior knowledge of the functional form of the true constraints, other than smoothness. Each fit is equivalent to a set of contours (including curves, surfaces, and other manifolds), with the data themselves all lying along the zero-value contour of the fit. For each fit, the gradient of the fit at the base point in the uphill direction across the contours identifies the constraint direction.

Abstract: A technique for separating an acoustic signal into a voiced (V) component corresponding to an electrolaryngeal source and an unvoiced (U) component corresponding to a turbulence source. The technique can be used to improve the quality of electrolaryngeal speech, and may be adapted for use in a special purpose telephone. A method according to the invention extracts a segment of consecutive values from the original stream of numerical values, and performs a discrete Fourier transform on the this first group of values. Next, a second group of values is extracted from components of the discrete Fourier transform result which correspond to an electrolaryngeal fixed repetition rate, F0, and harmonics thereof. An inverse-Fourier transform is applied to the second group of values, to produce a representation of a segment of the V component. Multiple V component segments are then concatenated to form a V component sample stream.