Abstract: Pressure vessels have full penetrations that can be opened and closed with no separate valve piping or external valve. A projected volume from the vessel wall may house valve structures and flow path, and these structures may move with an external actuator. The flow path may extend both along and into the projected volume. Vessel walls may remain a minimum thickness even at the penetration, and any type of gates may be used with any degree of duplication. Penetrations may be formed by installing valve gates directly into the channel in the wall. The wall may be built outward into the projected volume by forging or welding additional pieces integrally machining the channel through the same volume and wall. Additional passages for gates and actuators may be machined into the projections as well. Pressure vessels may not require flanges at join points or material seams for penetration flow paths.

Abstract: Nozzles mix coolant from different sources together in an outlet to prevent differences in coolant output. Different flow path configurations are useable in the nozzle, including a multiple-path configuration with flows from different sources jacketed or concentrically arranged around flows from other sources. Swirl vanes may be installed in the nozzle to impart mixing or filtering the fluid flow. Diffusers may be used to passively suction or accelerate flow and mixing the same like a jet pump. Nozzles can be combined with filtration systems like trap filters that capture debris based on a momentum difference between the denser debris and fluid. Filters can use magnetic, adhesive, or porous materials to capture debris without blocking a flow path. Filters can be disengaged, such as when clogged, such that coolant flows around the system. Nozzles can be installed on feedwater sparger assemblies in varying manner to distribute coolant from multiple nozzles.

Abstract: Nozzles mix coolant from different sources together in an outlet to prevent differences in coolant output. Different flow path configurations are useable in the nozzle, including a multiple-path configuration with flows from different sources jacketed or concentrically arranged around flows from other sources. Swirl vanes may be installed in the nozzle to impart mixing or filtering the fluid flow. Diffusers may be used to passively suction or accelerate flow and mixing the same like a jet pump. Nozzles can be combined with filtration systems like trap filters that capture debris based on a momentum difference between the denser debris and fluid. Filters can use magnetic, adhesive, or porous materials to capture debris without blocking a flow path. Filters can be disengaged, such as when clogged, such that coolant flows around the system. Nozzles can be installed on feedwater sparger assemblies in varying manner to distribute coolant from multiple nozzles.

Abstract: Nozzles mix coolant from different sources together in an outlet to prevent differences in coolant output. Different flow path configurations are useable in the nozzle, including a multiple-path configuration with flows from different sources jacketed or concentrically arranged around flows from other sources. Swirl vanes may be installed in the nozzle to impart mixing or filtering the fluid flow. Diffusers may be used to passively suction or accelerate flow and mixing the same like a jet pump. Nozzles can be combined with filtration systems like trap filters that capture debris based on a momentum difference between the denser debris and fluid. Filters can use magnetic, adhesive, or porous materials to capture debris without blocking a flow path. Filters can be disengaged, such as when clogged, such that coolant flows around the system. Nozzles can be installed on feedwater sparger assemblies in varying manner to distribute coolant from multiple nozzles.

Abstract: A passive check valve system according to the present disclosure includes a vacuum breaker operatively connecting a wetwell and a drywell. A discharge pool of water may be provided in the drywell. A housing structure is provided in the drywell to enclose the vacuum breaker. The housing structure may have one or more discharge pipes extending into the discharge pool, and the volume of the discharge pool may be greater than an interior volume of the one or more discharge pipes.