Abstract: Processes for preparing a 4-(secondary or tertiary)aminopyridine are provided. The processes comprise reacting a 4-substituted pyridine base having a leaving group as the 4-substituent, with an activating agent so as to form a corresponding 1,4-substituted pyridine; reacting the 1,4-substituted pyridine with a primary or secondary amine to substitute an amino group at the 4-position, and thereby form a corresponding 1-substituted-4-(secondary or tertiary) aminopyridine, wherein the reacting is conducted in a substitution reaction medium essentially free from strong base; and treating the 1-substituted-4-aminopyridine compound to remove the 1-substituent and thereby form a product medium including the 4-(secondary or tertiary) amino-pyridine.

Abstract: Described are preferred processes for producing extrusion-granulated supernucleophilic 4-amino-substituted pyridine catalysts, and granular products obtainable thereform. Also described are preferred activation-substitution-deactivation processes for producing 4-aminopyridine compounds, which involve the use of acrylic acid or acrylamide or analogs thereof for activation, and substitution steps conducted under mild basic conditions in an excess of the amine reagent for 4-substitution. Such processes provide improved reacted masses which are more readily processed to recover the products in pure, heat-stable form. Further, described are processes for preparing 4-substituted-pyridines via pyridine betaines.

Abstract: Described are preferred processes for producing extrusion-granulated supernucleophilic 4-amino-substituted pyridine catalysts, and granular products obtainable thereform. Also described are preferred activation-substitution-deactivation processes for producing 4-aminopyridine compounds, which involve the use of acrylic acid or acrylamide or analogs thereof for activation, and substitution steps conducted under mild basic conditions in an excess of the amine reagent for 4-substitution. Such processes provide improved reacted masses which are more readily processed to recover the products in pure, heat-stable form. Further, described are processes for preparing 4-substituted-pyridines via pyridine betaines.

Abstract: A process of preparing 4-substituted pyridine compounds via pyridine betaine compounds.

Abstract: A process for the production of 3-cyanopyridine by ammoxidation of 2-methyl-1,5-pentanediamine to form 3-cyanopyridine, optionally carried out as an oxidative ammonolysis process.

Abstract: Described are preferred processes for producing extrusion-granulated supernucleophilic 4-amino-substituted pyridine catalysts, and granular products obtainable therefrom. Also described are preferred activation-substitution-deactivation processes for producing 4-aminopyridine compounds, which involve the use of acrylic acid or acrylamide or analogs thereof for activation, and substitution steps conducted under mild basic conditions in an excess of the amine reagent for 4-substitution. Such processes provide improved reacted masses which are more readily processed to recover the products in pure, heat-stable form. Further, described are processes for preparing 4-substituted-pyridines via pyridine betaines.

Abstract: There are provided processes for preparing quinolines by vapor phase reaction of a substituted or unsubstituted aniline base, formaldehyde and a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 aldehyde wherein the aldehydes:aniline base molar ratio is at least 2:1. More preferred processes of the invention achieve high selectivities and yields of 8-methylquinoline, and high conversions of the aniline base.