Abstract: Apparatus and methods of dispensing fluid intravenously to a subject, and of flushing a line of an intravenous fluid administration apparatus, are provided. The apparatus may include a chamber including a plurality of connector ports and be configured to operate in fluid communication with an upstream source via a first connector port and, during operation, pass therethrough to downstream tubing, under a first pressure condition, first fluid from the upstream source via a second connector port. A third connector port may be configured to connect to an end of tubing or a valve connector such that, during operation, the chamber is configured to, under a second, higher pressure condition, pass therethrough to the downstream tubing a second fluid from a second fluid source via the third and second connector ports, prevent first fluid flow into the downstream tubing, and prevent second fluid flow through the first connector port.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of dispensing fluid intravenously to a subject, and of flushing a line of an intravenous fluid administration apparatus, are provided. The apparatus may include a reservoir pump configured to operate in fluid communication with an upstream source of a first fluid and a downstream pressure-operated valve. The apparatus may also include a port connector configured to operate in fluid communication with at least the pressure-operated valve. The reservoir pump may also be configured to, during operation, automatically refill itself with the first fluid from the first upstream source. The downstream pressure-operated valve may be configured to operate in fluid communication with the reservoir pump and a second fluid source upstream of the pressure-operated valve, and to, during operation, dispense the first fluid to tubing downstream of the pressure-operated valve based on a pressure condition within the pressure-operated valve exceeding a threshold pressure.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of dispensing fluid intravenously to a subject, and of flushing a line of an intravenous fluid administration apparatus, are provided. The apparatus may include a reservoir pump configured to operate in fluid communication with an upstream source of a first fluid and a downstream pressure-operated valve. The apparatus may also include a port connector configured to operate in fluid communication with at least the pressure-operated valve. The reservoir pump may also be configured to, during operation, automatically refill itself with the first fluid from the first upstream source. The downstream pressure-operated valve may be configured to operate in fluid communication with the reservoir pump and a second fluid source upstream of the pressure-operated valve, and to, during operation, dispense the first fluid to tubing downstream of the pressure-operated valve based on a pressure condition within the pressure-operated valve exceeding a threshold pressure.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of dispensing fluid intravenously to a subject, and of flushing a line of an intravenous fluid administration apparatus, are provided. The apparatus may include a reservoir pump configured to operate in fluid communication with an upstream source of a first fluid and a downstream pressure-operated valve. The apparatus may also include a port connector configured to operate in fluid communication with at least the pressure-operated valve. The reservoir pump may also be configured to, during operation, automatically refill itself with the first fluid from the first upstream source. The downstream pressure-operated valve may be configured to operate in fluid communication with the reservoir pump and a second fluid source upstream of the pressure-operated valve, and to, during operation, dispense the first fluid to tubing downstream of the pressure-operated valve based on a pressure condition within the pressure-operated valve exceeding a threshold pressure.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of dispensing fluid intravenously to a subject, and of flushing a line of an intravenous fluid administration apparatus, are provided. The apparatus may include a reservoir pump configured to operate in fluid communication with an upstream source of a first fluid and a downstream pressure-operated valve. The apparatus may also include a port connector configured to operate in fluid communication with at least the pressure-operated valve. The reservoir pump may also be configured to, during operation, automatically refill itself with the first fluid from the first upstream source. The downstream pressure-operated valve may be configured to operate in fluid communication with the reservoir pump and a second fluid source upstream of the pressure-operated valve, and to, during operation, dispense the first fluid to tubing downstream of the pressure-operated valve based on a pressure condition within the pressure-operated valve exceeding a threshold pressure.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of dispensing fluid intravenously to a subject, and of flushing a line of an intravenous fluid administration apparatus, are provided. The apparatus may include a chamber including a plurality of connector ports and be configured to operate in fluid communication with an upstream source via a first connector port and, during operation, pass therethrough to downstream tubing, under a first pressure condition, first fluid from the upstream source via a second connector port. A third connector port may be configured to connect to an end of tubing or a valve connector such that, during operation, the chamber is configured to, under a second, higher pressure condition, pass therethrough to the downstream tubing a second fluid from a second fluid source via the third and second connector ports, prevent first fluid flow into the downstream tubing, and prevent second fluid flow through the first connector port.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of dispensing fluid intravenously to a subject, and of flushing a line of an intravenous fluid administration apparatus, are provided. The apparatus may include a chamber including a plurality of connector ports and be configured to operate in fluid communication with an upstream source via a first connector port and, during operation, pass therethrough to downstream tubing, under a first pressure condition, first fluid from the upstream source via a second connector port. A third connector port may be configured to connect to an end of tubing or a valve connector such that, during operation, the chamber is configured to, under a second, higher pressure condition, pass therethrough to the downstream tubing a second fluid from a second fluid source via the third and second connector ports, prevent first fluid flow into the downstream tubing, and prevent second fluid flow through the first connector port.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of dispensing fluid intravenously to a subject, and of flushing a line of an intravenous fluid administration apparatus, are provided. The apparatus may include a reservoir pump configured to operate in fluid communication with an upstream source of a first fluid and a downstream pressure-operated valve. The reservoir pump may also be configured to, during operation, automatically refill itself with the first fluid from the first upstream source. The downstream pressure-operated valve may be configured to operate in fluid communication with the reservoir pump and a second fluid source upstream of the pressure-operated valve, and to, during operation, dispense the first fluid to tubing downstream of the pressure-operated valve based on a pressure condition within the pressure-operated valve exceeding a threshold pressure.

Abstract: Systems and computer-implemented methods of determining a temperature of a load introduced into a chamber are provided. The computer-implemented method includes applying a power output to a medium in at least a portion of a chamber at a level to modify the temperature of the medium to achieve a predetermined medium temperature. A steady state power output level to achieve the predetermined medium temperature is determined using a computer processor. A load having a load temperature other than the predetermined medium temperature is received into the at least a portion of the chamber. The method includes determining that the load temperature is substantially at the predetermined medium temperature using the computer processor when the power output level reaches the determined steady state power output level and without any direct temperature measurement of the load.

Abstract: Systems and computer-implemented methods of determining a temperature of a load introduced into a chamber are provided. The computer-implemented method includes applying a power output to a medium in at least a portion of a chamber at a level to modify the temperature of the medium to achieve a predetermined medium temperature. A steady state power output level to achieve the predetermined medium temperature is determined using a computer processor. A load having a load temperature other than the predetermined medium temperature is received into the at least a portion of the chamber. The method includes determining that the load temperature is substantially at the predetermined medium temperature using the computer processor when the power output level reaches the determined steady state power output level and without any direct temperature measurement of the load.

Abstract: Systems and computer-implemented methods of determining a temperature of a load introduced into a chamber are provided. The computer-implemented method includes applying a power output to a medium in at least a portion of a chamber at a level to modify the temperature of the medium to achieve a predetermined medium temperature. A steady state power output level to achieve the predetermined medium temperature is determined using a computer processor. A load having a load temperature other than the predetermined medium temperature is received into the at least a portion of the chamber. The method includes determining that the load temperature is substantially at the predetermined medium temperature using the computer processor when the power output level reaches the determined steady state power output level and without any direct temperature measurement of the load.