Abstract: This invention is a safe and effective method to treat chronic pain with the oral administration of procaine as a non-selective voltage sodium channel (VGSC) blocker. The dose of oral procaine has been estimated based upon the pharmacokinetics required to produce action potential inhibition in neurons of dorsal root ganglia. Intraneural ion trapping effects and low CSF pseudocholinesterase will increase the concentration of charged procaine within Nav 1.8 channels. The co-administration of benzodiazepines will increase the therapeutic ratio of procaine mitigating central nervous system toxicity. A dibucaine number is required prior to initiation of therapy. Side effects have hindered development of selective VGSC blockers. Modification of oral procaine administration with over 100 clinical practice years of known side effects may meet this unmet need.

Abstract: Parkinson's disease is characterized by degeneration of highly metabolic dopaminergic neurons which produce clinical signs to include tremor, rigidity, and glabellar reflex. There are few objective, inexpensive, sensitive, and specific tests for early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. In this invention, patients who manifest early objective signs of possible Parkinson's disease are pretreated with a supplement to increase central nervous system NAD+, and then subsequently administered a sodium L-lactate infusion after which the signs of early Parkinson's disease are recorded. Remission of the early signs of Parkinson's disease is diagnostic for Parkinson's disease. A clinical trial is suggested.

Abstract: This invention describes the potential benefits of chronic oral administration of triethyl citrate (TEC) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis. Evidence is presented that TEC crosses the blood brain barrier via passive diffusion, and the pharmacologic properties of TEC are distinct from administration of citrate salts. Further clinical trials in animal and human subjects is encouraged.

Abstract: This invention describes an affordable, renewable, sustainable (ARS) system to produce electricity, comprising a zinc air fuel cell (ZAFC) and photovoltaic cell. This ZAFC produces electricity operating in the pH range of 6.5-8.5 such that the primary waste species in the electrolyte are zinc cations of Zn+2 and ZnOH+. These cations are reduced by electrons from photovoltaic cells, and this ZAFC is easily rechargeable with a photovoltaic cell, and it can be overcharged. Also the electrolyte can be separated from the cell, and plating with photo reduction of zinc occurs rapidly on graphite, copper, or zinc cathodes. The efficiency of the ZAFC is approximately 58%, plus the added efficiency of reclaimed reduced zinc cations to zinc, either through recharging or plating. The electrolyte can be seawater or saline. The raw materials for this ZAFC are sufficiently available such that this system could provide ARS electricity.

Abstract: Hyperscanning, the simultaneous measurement of brain activity among dyads or groups, has shown synchrony measured by fMRI, EEG, MEG, and fNIRS. This synchrony is evident during cooperative decision-making, but the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. At minimum, in order for synchrony to occur, systems must oscillate and share information. Through the skin effect, changing magnetic fields permeate the human central nervous system, can share information from dyads and groups, and can synchronize oscillating oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) in the mitochondria. In vitro evidence has shown that ORR can be influenced ?-m tesla, extremely low frequency magnetic fields without producing thermal or ionization effects. Ascertaining the unique characteristics of such magnetic fields that can produce interbrain synchrony is a daunting task; however, this discovery could benefit impasse conflict negotiations.

Abstract: This invention describes a sustainable, renewable, and inexpensive process to produce electrical energy with zinc air fuel cells (ZAFC) not comprised of a corrosive alkaline electrolyte. The cell's zinc hydroxide waste product is reduced to zinc metal by heat from carbothermal solar concentration. Further research to improve the efficiency of the electrode design and improve zinc oxide reduction is encouraged. The benefits of ZAFC as a primary source of electricity to include underdeveloped countries is discussed.

Abstract: Hypermetabolic states that include cancer, infections, inflammations, mental illnesses, and chronic pain are sustained with ATP produced by aerobic glycolysis. Because of redundancies within this metabolic pathway, inhibition of aerobic glycolysis requires a combination drug therapy, which at the present time is optimal with 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose (2DG) and D-Lactic Acid Dimer (DLAD). Red blood cells exclusively derive energy from aerobic glycolysis, and spectrophotometric measurement of hemolysis can be utilized to monitor the effectiveness of drug combinations that inhibit aerobic glycolysis, particularly in hypermetabolic states. These measurements can be performed cheaply and easily in most health care facilities. Complete inhibition of aerobic glycolysis may necessitate red blood cell transfusion, but cells with mitochondria can produce sufficient ATP through lipid oxidation and amino acid metabolism to remain viable.

Abstract: Perennial grasses can be a source of sustainable and renewable food supplies. Unlike efforts in selective genetics to produce grains with perennial phenotypes, this invention processes perennial grasses that can be efficiently and economically extracted to produce an easily stored food that does not require refrigeration. Grasses are cut, juice is extracted, centrifuged, treated with non-activated coconut charcoal, filtered , microscopically examined to assure minimal cellulose content, and dehydrated to produce a stable solid that can be rehydrated or incorporated into flours. Yields from fresh grass extraction exceeds those from rehydration of hay. Non-activated coconut charcoal is a renewable and inexpensive resource. Perennial pasture grasses grown with clover or other legumes require minimal yearly fertilization. This process can be sustainable in societies without electricity.

Abstract: This invention describes the potential benefits of chronic oral administration of triethyl citrate (TEC) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis. Evidence is presented that TEC crosses the blood brain barrier via passive diffusion, and the pharmacologic properties of TEC are distinct from administration of citrate salts. Further clinical trials in animal and human subjects is encouraged.

Abstract: Until the physiology of the brain and actions from the human mind are better understood, negotiations are the primary peaceful processes to resolve conflicts. Win-win resolution of conflicts often involves creativity and may not be possible. Compromise or lose-lose is a frequent alternative to win-win. However, addition of a third party interest in dyad conflicts may change the resolution of the conflict from lose-lose to (lose-lose)-win, which is a more favorable outcome. Unfortunately game theory outcome may not accurately predict long term outcome.

Abstract: This invention targets the energy production that is need for viral replication and cancer cell growth by blocking glycolysis and by decreasing pyruvate that is available to undergo metabolism within the Krebs cycle with administration of a medication comprised of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) and D-lactic acid dimer (DLAD).

Abstract: Hyperscanning studies of the electrical activity of the brains of dyads and groups has shown that cooperative decision-making is associated with inter brain partial synchronization. Cooperative decision-making may be essential for long term resolution of conflict among nations. This invention demonstrates that synchronization of two Chua's circuits can be achieved through induction, and a single Chua's circuit can transition from chaotic to periodic activity with frequency dependent square wave inputs, models of action potentials. Extrapolating these in vitro findings suggests that conflict negotiations can be improved with electrophysiological monitoring of participants and with external electromagnetic energy targeted to brain activity.

Abstract: Performance of a zinc/saline/graphite fuel cell is described with a specific energy of 124 watt hours per kilogram of zinc, but with longevity of greater than 92 days. The chemistry of this fuel cell fundamentally differs from traditional zinc air fuel cells because the species of zinc hydroxychloride anions in solution [Zn(OH)3Cl2?, Zn(OH)2Cl22?, ZnOHCl32?] provide efficient waste management of Zn+2 and OH? ions, and thus the internal resistance of the cell rises slowly. The proposed chemistry of this fuel cell is: 3Zn(s)+3/2O2(g)+3H2O+6NaCl(s)?Zn(OH)3Cl2?+Zn(OH)2Cl22?+ZnOHCl32?+6Na+.

Abstract: Treatment of dried perennial ryegrass with aqueous citrate ion from sodium citrate chelates calcium from the grass which improves extracting juice from the grass. Addition of ascorbic acid to the aqueous solution decreases enzymatic browning of the juice. The juice is centrifuged and filtered. Microscopic examination of the centrifuged and filtered juice that has been stained with methylene blue demonstrates a cellulose content less than extracted wheat grass. Processing the dried perennial ryegrass can be achieved without electricity. Extraction of nutrients from perennial ryegrass may help alleviate world food shortages and may promote peace.

Abstract: War of aggression, the root cause of which exists in the mind, produces suffering to constituents and their leaders. Multiple sites in the human brain are associated with aggression; however, a universal site responsible for all aggressive actions has not been found. Electrical stimulation of the brain has changed aggressive behavior, and electrical stimulation in some instances can overcome voluntary behavior. Of the many methods to stimulate the brain remotely and modify aggressive behavior, stimulation of the senses of touch, sight and/or sound is advantageous since it bypasses the blood brain barrier and the electrical impedance of soft tissues and bone overlying the brain. Stimulation of the senses produces waves comprised of action potentials in the thalamus that can interfere or entrain existing action potential waves. The waves from stimulation have the potential to discriminate existing electrical activity of sites in the brain associated with aggressive behavior.

Abstract: This invention describes the synthesis and pharmacologic activity of n=2, n=3, n=4, n=5, and n=6 D-lactic acid oligomers. D-lactic acid dimer has pharmacologic activity and sequesters L-lactate, and the other D-lactic acid oligomers have no activity in vitro, but may have pharmacologic activity in vivo as prodrugs of D-lactic acid dimer.

Abstract: At equimolar concentrations, D-lactic acid dimer is more cytotoxic than L-lactic acid when directly applied to human HeLa cells in culture. The cytotoxicity of D-lactic acid dimer is an independent effect exclusive of the lower pH when applied to cancer cells in culture. At equimolar concentrations, D-lactic acid dimer is less cytotoxic than L-lactic acid when applied to normal human fibroblasts in culture. D-lactic acid dimer is cytotoxic when applied to human retinoblastoma cells in culture in a dose-dependent fashion. The experimental data supports the cytotoxic mechanism of D-lactic acid dimer via the Warburg effect.

Abstract: At equimolar concentrations, D-lactic acid dimer is more cytotoxic than L-lactic acid when directly applied to human HeLa cells in culture. The cytotoxicity of D-lactic acid dimer is an independent effect exclusive of the lower pH when applied to cancer cells in culture. At equimolar concentrations, D-lactic acid dimer is less cytotoxic than L-lactic acid when applied to normal human fibroblasts in culture. D-lactic acid dimer is cytotoxic when applied to human retinoblastoma cells in culture in a dose-dependent fashion. The experimental data supports the cytotoxic mechanism of D-lactic acid dimer via the Warburg effect.

Abstract: The vitelline membrane of an egg is a novel, inexpensive and useful model of the human blood brain barrier (BBB). FD&C Blue #1, FD&C Red #40, FD&C Red #3, quinine and fluorescein do not cross the vitelline membrane and do not cross the human BBB. Ethanol, diethyl ether, 2-chloroprocaine and acetaminophen, cross the vitelline membrane and are known to cross the human BBB. Using the vitelline membrane, as model of the human BBB, may decrease the time and cost of discovering lead drugs for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.

Abstract: Intractable pain is a horrific cause of world-wide suffering. Nervous system excitation is a hallmark of intractable pain and lesioning of excited pathways and structures can produce sustained analgesia. This invention shows that red blood cells exposed to changing magnetic fields are disrupted, releasing hemoglobin, and that this effect is related to the dose (conformation, frequency, strength and duration) of the changing magnetic fields. Extrapolating these finding to the nervous system, transcranial magnetic lesioning of select areas of the central nervous system, in particular the anterior cingulate cortex or anterior cingulate cortices, can provide relief for patients who suffer devastating intractable pain. The changing magnetic fields are produced by electrical current through a Helmholtz coil with a soft iron core.