Abstract: Novel forms of molybdenum metal, and apparatus and methods for production thereof. Novel forms of molybdenum metal are preferably characterized by a surface area of substantially about 2.1 m2/g to substantially about 4.1 m2/g. Novel forms of molybdenum metal are also preferably characterized by a relatively uniform size.

Abstract: Novel forms of molybdenum metal, and apparatus and methods for production thereof. Novel forms of molybdenum metal are preferably characterized by a surface area of substantially 2.5 m2/g. Novel forms of molybdenum metal are also preferably characterized by a relatively uniform size.

Abstract: Method for producing pigment nano-particles may include vaporizing a pigment precursor material; drawing the vaporized pigment precursor material into a precipitation conduit; contacting the vapor in the precipitation conduit with a collection fluid at a first location within the precipitation conduit, the contacting cooling the vapor and precipitating pigment nano-particles, the contacting occurring in the absence of a temperature change in the vapor at locations within the precipitation conduit that are upstream of the first location; and collecting the pigment nano-particles in a collection fluid.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing molybdenum carbide from a precursor material includes a supply of process gas and a furnace defining at least a first heating zone and a second heating zone. The furnace heats the first heating zone to a first temperature and the second heating zone to a second temperature. The second temperature is at least about 100° C. hotter than the first temperature. A transfer system operatively associated with the furnace and the supply of process gas moves the precursor material through the first and second heating zones and in the presence of the process gas to form molybdenum carbide (MoC and Mo2C).

Abstract: Molybdenum oxide nano-particles. The nano-particles may be made by vaporizing the precursor material to produce a vapor; directing the vapor into an isolation chamber; contacting the vapor contained in the isolation chamber with a quench fluid stream to precipitate nano-particles; and removing the nano-particles from the isolation chamber.

Abstract: Gaseous fluid production apparatus according to one embodiment of the invention includes a fluid container containing fluid in substantially the liquid state. A first fluid line is connected to the fluid container so that it receives from the fluid container a first fluid stream substantially in the liquid state. A gas generator is also connected to the fluid container so that it receives from the fluid container a second fluid stream substantially in the liquid state. A product discharge manifold is connected to the gas generator and to the first fluid line. A control means is operatively associated with the first fluid line and the product discharge manifold for controlling at least one parameter of the first fluid stream. A second control means is operatively associated with the gas generator and the product discharge manifold for controlling at least one parameter of the second fluid stream.

Abstract: Novel forms of molybdenum metal, and apparatus and methods for production thereof. Novel forms of molybdenum metal are preferably characterized by a surface area of substantially about 2.1 m2/g to substantially about 4.1 m2/g. Novel forms of molybdenum metal are also preferably characterized by a relatively uniform size.

Abstract: Methods for producing molybdenum carbide. An embodiment of the method may comprise heating a precursor material in a first heating zone in the presence of a reducing gas and a carbonizing gas, the first heating zone having a first temperature. Moving the precursor material into a second heating zone to form the molybdenum carbide from the precursor material, the second heating zone having a second temperature, the second temperature being at least 100° C. hotter than the first temperature.

Abstract: Molybdenum carbide (MoC and Mo2C) produced by heating a precursor material in a first heating zone to a first temperature in the presence of a reducing gas and a carbonizing gas and moving the precursor material to a second heating zone that is heated to a second temperature that is at least 100° C. hotter than the first heating zone to form said molybdenum carbide.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing molybdenum carbide from a precursor material includes a supply of process gas and a furnace defining at least a first heating zone and a second heating zone. The furnace heats the first heating zone to a first temperature and the second heating zone to a second temperature. The second temperature is at least about 100° C. hotter than the first temperature. A transfer system operatively associated with the furnace and the supply of process gas moves the precursor material through the first and second heating zones and in the presence of the process gas to form molybdenum carbide (MoC and MO2C).

Abstract: Apparatus for producing nano-particles according to the present invention may comprise a furnace defimng a vapor region therein. A precipitation conduit having an inlet end and an outlet end is positioned with respect to the furnace so that the inlet end is open to the vapor region. A quench fluid supply apparatus supplies quench fluid in a gas state and quench fluid in a liquid state. A quench fluid port positioned within the precipitation conduit is fluidically connected to the quench fluid supply apparatus so that an inlet to the quench fluid port receives quench fluid in the gas state and quench fluid in the liquid state. The quench fluid port provides a quench fluid stream to the precipitation conduit to precipitate nano-particles within the precipitation conduit. A product collection apparatus connected to the outlet end of the precipitation conduit collects the nano-particles produced within the precipitation conduit.

Abstract: Novel forms of molybdenum metal, and apparatus and methods for production thereof. Novel forms of molybdenum metal are preferably characterized by a surface area of substantially 2.5 m2/g. Novel forms of molybdenum metal are also preferably characterized by a relatively uniform size.

Abstract: Novel forms of molybdenum metal, and apparatus and methods for production thereof. Novel forms of molybdenum metal are preferably characterized by a surface area of substantially 2.5 m2/g. Novel forms of molybdenum metal are also preferably characterized by a relatively uniform size. Preferred embodiments of the invention may comprise heating a precursor material to a first temperature in the presence of a reducing gas, and increasing the first temperature at least once to reduce the precursor material and form the molybdenum metal product.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing molybdenum metal from a precursor material. An embodiment of the apparatus may comprise a furnace having at least two heating zones. A process tube extends through each of the at least two heating zones of the furnace, the process tube having a substantially constant pressure. The precursor material may be introduced into the process tube and moved through each of the at least two heating zones of the furnace. A process gas may be introduced into the process tube, wherein the precursor material reacts with the process gas within the furnace to form molybdenum metal.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for producing pigment nano-particles. One embodiment of the apparatus may comprise a furnace having a vapor region, the furnace vaporizing a pigment precursor material. A precipitation conduit open to the vapor region of the furnace, the precipitation conduit receiving vapor from the vaporized pigment precursor material. A collection fluid port opening into the precipitation conduit, the collection fluid port delivering a collection fluid into contact with the vapor in the precipitation conduit, the vapor condensing to form the pigment nano-particles. A collection system in fluid connection with the precipitation conduit, the collection system collecting the pigment nano-particles in the collection fluid.

Abstract: Novel forms of molybdenum metal, and apparatus and methods for production thereof. Novel forms of molybdenum metal are preferably characterized by a surface area of substantially 2.5 m2/g. Novel forms of molybdenum metal are also preferably characterized by a relatively uniform size. Preferred embodiments of the invention may comprise heating a precursor material to a first temperature in the presence of a reducing gas, and increasing the first temperature at least once to reduce the precursor material and form the molybdenum metal product.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for producing molybdenum carbide. An embodiment of the invention may comprise heating a precursor material to a first temperature in the presence of a reducing gas and a carbonizing gas, and ramping the first temperature at least once by at least 100° C. to form the molybdenum carbide.

Abstract: Molybdenum oxide nano-particles. The nano-particles may be made by vaporizing the precursor material to produce a vapor; directing the vapor into an isolation chamber; contacting the vapor contained in the isolation chamber with a quench fluid stream to precipitate nano-particles; and removing the nano-particles from the isolation chamber.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing nano-particles comprises a furnace defining a vapor region therein. A precipitation conduit having an inlet end and an outlet end is positioned with respect to the furnace so that the inlet end is open to the vapor region. A quench fluid port positioned within the precipitation conduit provides a quench fluid stream to the precipitation conduit to precipitate nano-particles within the precipitation conduit. A product collection apparatus connected to the outlet end of the precipitation conduit collects the nano-particles produced within the precipitation conduit.

Abstract: Method for producing nano-particles from a precursor material. One embodiment of the method comprises vaporizing the precursor material to produce a vapor, directing the vapor into an isolation chamber, contacting the vapor contained in the isolation chamber with a quench fluid stream, the quench fluid stream cooling the vapor to produce the nano-particles, and removing the nano-particles from the isolation chamber.