Abstract: Multi-layer devices suitable for thermal cycling processes. The devices are particularly suitable for performing polymerase chain reactions (PCR). One embodiment includes a first conducting layer, a second conducting layer adjacent to the first layer, and a third conducting layer adjacent to the second layer opposite the first layer. Insulating layers are positioned between said three conducting layers. Continuous channels are formed within the layers. The channels can be formed in either the conducting layer or the insulating layers, or both. Other embodiments include two conducting layers. At least one integral or separate temperature source may be provided to maintain the conducting layers at various desired temperatures.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of printing with a liquid ink printhead ejecting ink in swaths on a recording medium to form an image including a plurality of dots deposited at pixel locations of a scanline. The printer deposits a plurality of dots at adjacent pixel locations on the scan line during non-consecutive swaths of the printhead to form the image. Dot interaction between dots is minimized so that no two dots are deposited adjacent to each other in consecutive depositions of the dots of consecutive swaths of the printhead. Reduction of ink bleeding, printhead signatures such as banding, and other defects caused by clogged nozzles of the printhead are reduced.

Abstract: A traveling wave droplet generator for a continuous stream ink jet printer comprising an ink filled tube connected in the vicinity of one end to an ink reservoir. A piezoelectric driver assembly is mounted at the fill end of the tube. The tube has openings connecting to orifices of an aperture plate bonded thereto. The tube has a terminator at the end opposite to the piezoelectric driver to suppress reflection and standing wave formation. The ink streams emitted through the nozzles of the aperture plate are stimulated by the traveling wave causing the streams to break up at predetermined distances from the nozzles.

Abstract: A method of minimizing crosstalk between transducer driven pulse liquid droplet ejectors in ejector arrays. An array mounted on a scanning carriage and having nozzles inclined to the direction of relative motion between the carriage and the print-receiving member is designed such that adjacent nozzles are not fired simultaneously. Similarly, an oscillating bar pulse ejector array is designed such that adjacent nozzles are not fired simultaneously.